Psych Exam 1

Differences between Mental Health and Mental illness

Differences between Mental Health and Mental illness

Mental health is the emotional and psychological well being of an individual who has the capacity to interact w/ others, deal w/ ordinary stress and perceive ones surroundings realistically

Mental illness are conditions involving altered thinking, mood, or disorder

Stigma

Are stereotypes leading to prejudice and discrimination. Stigma is one of the major barriers of treatment, recovery and social integration. Its a major reason why individuals w/ mental health problems do not seek or continue treatment

Mileu- Treatments including least restrictive alternative

therapeutic milieu is a psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on treating mental health patients in a supportive group environment. It involves a healing environment. ie: trauma informed approach, physical emotional safety, encourages open expression of feelings, promotes self efficiency and self control

Team work and Collaboration

Collaborating with team examples

• Treatment plans

• discuss progress

• refer specialists

• share relevent info with team

• update the team

What is a ethical dilemma

Conflict between 2 or more courses of action

Informed Consent

Individuals voluntary agreement to participate in treatment or medical procedures based on their understanding of the risks and benefits as well as any alternative treatments

Theorists in Mental Health

Florence Nightingdale established the first mental health hospital in 1843

Dorthea Dix was a crusader for humane treatment of patients with mental illness, she refomed state mental health care with the initiation of state hospitals in the 19th century

Biological Implications for Mental Health/Illness- Stress response

• trauma

• genetics

• infections

• environmental

ECT- what is it and what does it help

Ect is electroconvulsive therapy, its a procedure done under anesthesia, in hich small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a breif seizure. It causes changes in brain chemistry.

It treats depression,schizophrenia, acute manic episodes

Therapeutic communication

a type of professional communication that helps patients feel comfortable and understand their condition through verbal and non-verbal methods

Steps in the Nursing process

1. Assessment=collecting info/gathering data

2. Diagnosis-info interpretation, stating problems

3. Planning= setting nursing goals/desired outcomes

4. Implementation= performing nursing interventions

5. Evaluation= observing pt status and effectiveness of nursing interventions

Nursing has evolved everything around..

Evidence based practice

Asylum

Safe haven for those with mental disorders when there was no reasonable treatment

Moral Treatment

The use of Kindness, compassion and pleasant environment utilized

Institutionalization

Forced confinement of individuals for long periods of time-became primary treatment

Deinstitutionalization

1961 the release of the confined to mental institutions for long periods of time into the community for treatment

What is a nurse’s number 1 priority

Safety

Ethics

system of moral principles/ standards governing conduct.

Mental Health Act

protects the rights of clients who have mental illnesses and provides mental health professionals with ethical and legal responsibilities for these clients

Code of Ethics for Nurses

the ethical values, duties, responsibilities and standards expected of a nurse in all areas of their practice (ANA,2015)

Bioethical Principles

Autonomy- Right to make decisions for one’s own care. Requires compentency or capacity for decision making or autonomy

Nonmaleficence -the obligation of a physician not to harm the patient

Beneficence- doing good

Fidelity- loyalty and faithfulness to patient and ones duty

Veracity- honesty when dealing with a patient

Justice-the principle of providing fair and equal care to all patients, regardless of their individual characteristics

Voluntary admission

request of client, client recognition of need for care

Involuntary admission

Danger to self, danger to others, unable to meet basic self care needs, metal illness preventing recognition or need for care

Emergency admission

Temporary admission, client imminent danger to self or others, for evaluation of mental illness

Clients Rights to Privacy

Client’s bill of rights, confidentiality,privacy. The only exeptions to confidentiality and privacy is if they are a danger to self, duty to warn.

Implied Consent

Occurs in emergency situations when client is unconsious and their represenative is unavailable. Individuals are assumed to have given their consent for something, such as a medical treatment or a search, based on their actions or words.

Intentional Torts

Assault, battery, false imprisonment

Unintentional torts

Negligence, malpractice

Documentation Legal Considerations

Record all client progress, record nursing care, include description of client behavior and response to care

Restraints and seclusion

Restraints: Physical or chemical

Seclusion: Secluded patient

When restraining patients

Verify ID

Document health status

Do not cover wrists

Do not want restraint to be too tight

What is the purpose of the code of ethics

Guidance for practice, committment/ duty to society, decision making

Capacity

medical term; determining if cognitive processes are in tact to provide informed consent; determined by a provider

competence

legal term; global impairment; determined by a judge. The ability to do something successfully or efficiently

what are the 3 ways mental illness can be prevented?

1. primary prevention- prior to manifestation

2. secondary prevention- early detection of MI (screening, testing)

3. tertiary prevention- decreasing the disabling effects of mental illness, assist in coping

what are the 3 ways that stress affects mental health?

1. interferes w cognitive functioning

2. maladaptive behaviors

3. increases risk of mental illness

Who is more prone to developing anxiety?

Women

neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Who developed the first framework for psychiatric nursing?

Hildegard Peplau

What are 3 ways that stress affects mental health?

1) interferes w cognitive functioning

2)maladaptive behavior

3)increase risk of mental illness

Medicare

ELderly

Medicaid

Low income

When can a provider refuse to treat a client?

When the risks out weigh the benefits or if they believe that the treatment will do more harm than the disorder or disease

Sympathetic nervous system

Fight or flight

Parasympathetic

Relaxation response. Rest and digest

What should nurse do first in OCD related patient

Investigate what situation precipitates the anxiety

What happens during an anxiety attack

• elevated heart rate

• shortness of breath

• excessive sweating

• feeling of impending doom

Panic Attack

intense fear

nurse sits with patient until feeling subsides

ACE

Adverse childhood experiences

PCE

Positive childhood experiences

Exposure therapy

An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response

Active listening

The nurse demonstrates , verbally and nonverbally, that they are engaged and intrested

Modeling

the nurse encounters a client experiencing panic, sits down next to them and begins to breath slow and deep

Whats the difference between anxiety and panic

panic happens unexpectedly, anxiety is gradual buildup

does pce cancel out ace?

no, but it can offer some protection from ace

OCD

persistent obsessions with unwanted recurrent thoughts, and compulsions (repetitive) behaviors to lessen the anxiety of the obsessions

Nurses role in trauma

to make patient feel safe and accepted

Trauma

any disturbing experience that results in significant feelings of fear, confusion, and dissociation that negatively impact an individuals behaviors, attitudes, and function

what is the impact of toxic stress on the brain and body?

hyperarousal-ongoing perception of threat, fear, trauma

who is trauma related disorders most prevalent in ?

women, adolescents, lgbtq+, military, first responders

acute stress disorder

3 days to 1 month post trauma

ptsd duration

longer than one month

PTSD treatment

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Prolonged exposure therapy (PE)
• Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)
• Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
• Pharmacotherapy