Behav SN1 (1)

What is neuropsychology?

the study of the connection between the nervous system and behavior.

Limbic system

emotion and memory

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Measures broad brain activity, not specific regions

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)

Measures change in blood flow

Acetylcholine

voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous sytem, attention, and alterness

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

fight or flight responses, wakefulness, and alertness

Dopamine

smooth movements, postural stability

Serotonin

mood, sleep, eating, and dreaming

GABA and Glycine

brain “stabilization” … they produce inhibitory postsynaptic potentials by increasing Cl- into neuron

Glutamate

brain excitation

Endorphins

natural painkillers

Family Sudies vs. Twin studies vs. Adoption studies

family studies look at the relative frequency of a trait within a family compared to the general population … while twin studies compare concordance rates between idential and fraternal twins … and adoption studies compares similarities between adopted children and biological ones.

Neurulation

Neurulation occurs when a furrow is produced from ectoderm overlying the notochord and consists of the neural groove and two neural folds. As the neural folds grow, the cells at their leading edge are called neural crest cells. When the neural folds fuse, this creates the neural tube, which will form the CNS. The neural crest cells spread out throughout the body, differentiating into many different tissues

Rooting Primative Reflex

infant turns head towards something that brushes their cheek (to suck on the nipple)

How do developmental milestones develop?

most children go thru them in the same timeframe, and they gross and fine motor abilities progress head to toe and core to periphery.

Franz Gall vs. Pierre Flourens

Franz Gall coined phrenology (ur head big bc that part of the brain is used)

Pierre Flourens: practiced extirpation/ablations on rabbits to test what each region did

William James vs. John Dewey

William James: father of American psychology, and practiced functionalism (view the individual plus its environment

John Dewey: wrote an article on functionalism

Paul Broca vs. Herman von Helmholtz vs. Sir Charles Sherrington

Broca: realized each part of the brain did something (broca’s area)

Helmholtz: measured speed of a nerve impulse

Sherrington: inferred the existence of synapses

Moro Primative Reflex

infant extends arms, then slowly retracts in sensation of falling

Babinski Primative Reflex

The big toe extends, and other toes fan in response to brushing the sole of the foot

Grasping Primative Reflex

an infant grabs anything put into their hands