UNit 5 Vocab world

Enclosure Movement

The process in England where common lands were fenced off and made private, forcing many farmers to move to cities.

Crop Rotation

A farming method where different crops are planted in a specific order to keep soil healthy and increase food production.

Imperialism

When a country extends its power by taking control of other lands and peoples.

Social Darwinism

The idea that some nations and people are naturally stronger and more successful than others, often used to justify imperialism.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884 to 1885 where European countries divided Africa among themselves without African input.

Cultural Assimilation

When a group of people adopt the culture and customs of another group, often losing their original culture.

Sepoy Mutiny

An 1857 rebellion by Indian soldiers against British rule, also called the Indian Rebellion.

Sphere of Influence

An area where a foreign country has special control over trade and economic activities.

Open Door Policy

A United States policy that allowed all countries equal trading rights in China.

Boxer Rebellion

A Chinese uprising from 1899 to 1901 against foreign influence and control.

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces and being prepared for war.

Central Powers

The alliance in World War One that included Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

Allied Powers

The alliance in World War One that included Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States.

Trench Warfare

A type of fighting in World War One where soldiers stayed in deep trenches and fought from there.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by a German submarine in 1915, helping turn opinion against Germany.

Zimmerman Note

A secret message from Germany to Mexico asking for help in attacking the United States, which pushed the United States toward war.

Selective Service Act

A 1917 law that required men in the United States to register for the draft.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty that ended World War One and punished Germany.

14 Points

A plan by Woodrow Wilson to create lasting peace after World War One.

League of Nations

An international organization created to keep peace after World War One, but the United States never joined.

Bolsheviks

A revolutionary group in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin that took control during the Russian Revolution.