Fichas de aprendizaje Mitosis and Meiosis | Quizlet

interphase

phase before mitosis; growth of cell and preparation for division

prophase

chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form

G1

growth and functioning

Synthesis

DNA replicates

G2

organelles replicate in preparation for division

metaphase

chromosomes, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

the sister chromatids seperate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

telophase

chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage furrow begins

cytokinesis

splitting of the cytoplasm

mitosis

splitting of the nucleus

sister chromatids

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated

centromere

area connecting sister chromatids

spindle fibers

microtubules that extend from the centrioles and guide chromosome movement

nucleus

organelle that initiates cell division

somatic cell

all human body cells; not the gametes

diploid

having two sets of chromosomes; all somatic cells (2n)

haploid

having one set of chromosomes; the gametes (n)

gamete

sex cell; egg or sperm

zygote

fertilized egg

sexual

reproduction combining genetic info from two parents

asexual

reproduction by one parent as a result of cell division

cell plate

forms in plant cells to form new cell membrane and cell wall

meiosis

cell division producing gametes

variation

differences in members of a population

homologous pair

each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes

Reduction Division

2n → n

Equatorial Division

2n → 2n

kinetochore

where the spindle fibers attach to the chromosome

a and b tubulin

protein subunits that form a dimer to form tubulin, make up microtubules

tubulin strands

acts as a structural support and a pathway for transport and force generation in cell division

metacentric

A chromosome that has a centrally placed centromere

submetacentric

A chromosome whose centromere is placed closer to one end than the other

acrocentric

A chromosome whose centromere is placed very close to, but not at, one end

telocentric

a chromosome whose centromere is positioned at its end, creating one chromosome arm.

• centromere

• telomere

• origin of replication

functional parts of a chromosome

46

how many chromosomes in a human

23

how many chromosome pairs in a human