psychobiology lecture 8

What are the major public health problems associated with preventable lifestyle factors?

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancers.

What are the four original constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM)?

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers.

What is the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and who developed it?

The TRA, developed by Ajzen & Fishbein, posits that attitude is based on behavioural belief strength and outcome evaluation, while subjective norms are based on normative belief strength and motivation to comply.

What brain activity predicted behaviour change in the suncream use study?

Activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) predicted behaviour change beyond self-reported intentions and attitudes.

What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and how does it relate to self-efficacy?

The TPB, developed by Ajzen, includes perceived behavioural control (PBC), which overlaps with self-efficacy and is influenced by past experiences and anticipated obstacles.

What is the role of motivation to change in substance use disorders?

Motivation to change is necessary for therapeutic success, and understanding its neurobiological basis can facilitate more effective therapeutic technique

What does the Intention-Behaviour Gap refer to in behaviour change models?

It refers to the phenomenon where measuring model components can explain intentions better than actual behaviours.

What is the significance of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in behaviour change?

The mPFC is involved in self-referential processing and implicit valuation, which are important for understanding behaviour change.

How does the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) critique the assumption of intentional control over behaviour?

The TRA assumes that intention is the most important influence on behaviour, which does not account for the fact that not every behaviour is equally under our control.

What is the relationship between perceived behavioural control (PBC) and behaviour?

PBC predicts behaviour and is influenced by past experiences and anticipated obstacles, suggesting that individuals may persevere longer if they perceive the behaviour as easier to perform.

What is the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in smoking cessation?

It is involved in motivation and is activated in response to smoking-related cues.