HLE test 4

Bacterium

a microscopic prokaryote

Immunization

The deliberate exposure of a pathogen to produce memory cells.

Protozoan

An animal-like protist

Fungus

Saprophytic and parasitic spore-producing eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts.

Systemic Infection

infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream

Adaptive Immunity

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them

Pneumonia

An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

Influenza

flu virus

Epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Virus

A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.

HIV Infection

a chronic, progressive viral infection that damages the immune system

HIV Antibody Test

a test that detects HIV antibodies to determine if a person has been infected with HIV

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs not associated with surgery or pregnancy

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection.

Kaposi's sarcoma

Form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.

Human Papillomavirus

a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection

Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, burning pain when urinating, and a discharge

Urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

HIV nucleic acid test (NAT)

A test used to detect the presence of HIV RNA and to determine the viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood)

Syphilis

an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete

Bacterial vaginosis

An overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, or pain, and possibly a "fishy" smelling discharge.

Genital warts

an STD caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV); highly contagious

Scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.

Laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

pubic lice

parasitic insects that can inhabit various body areas, especially the genitals

Genital Herpes

a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus

Chancre

red, round, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge that is a sign of syphilis

Trichomoniasis

an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder

Microorganisms & Pathogens

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Larger, disease-causing, worms and arthropods.

respiratory tract

The passageway that makes breathing possible.

series of branching tubes that conduct air to and from the respiratory zone for gas exchange

Antigen

A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

Anaphylaxis

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes.

First phase of the infection when the viruses or bacteria are actively multiplying

Incubation stage

chain of infection

Pathogen, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Means ofTransmission, Portal of Entry, New Host

Identify the type of pathogens that cause these diseases: Chickenpox,Common Cold, Flu, Gonorrhea, Strep Throat

Virus

Describe bacteria's shape and how they look

spherical (coccus), rodlike (bacillus), or curved (vibrio, spirillum, or spirochete).

Which pathogen is the most abundant on earth?

bacteria

What type of illness is COVID-19?

Virus

domestic violence

physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members

Signs that someone can be a perpetrator of domestic violence

Jealousy, possessiveness , unpredictability

Sexual Assault

any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient

Unintentional Injuries

injury, death, or psychological harm caused unintentionally or without premeditation

Which group of people in the U.S. has the highest murder rate than the U.S.population as a whole?

African Americans

Self Defense: (The most vulnerable spot on an attacker) - Where should youstrike that person?

Knee

Reducing the risk of injury

Wear a helmet, Consumer safety standard,

Unintentional Injuries & Age Groups

The most common age group with unintentional injuries is 35-44 year olds, and the type of injury is poision.

Motor Vehicle Crashes & Age Groups

Age 15-24 are most commonly in motor vehicle crashes

Fire Deaths

Smoke inhalation is the most common death to come from fire

Preventing injuries during a fire

Put a wet cloth over your mouth, crawl, stop drop and roll.

Gangs

Most common in places that are poor, have high unemployment, and are population-dense.

Motivating factor of hate crimes in 2016 and 2017

When a bias against another person’s race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability motivates a criminal act. May be extremely brutal; but many go unreported.

Perpetrators of workplace violence

Has decreased 35% over the last decade; but still, nearly 2 million Americans workers are victims of workplace violence. Policing and corrections are the most dangerous jobs.