Physci Historical Figures + Pathology

Hypokalemia

large potassium gradient

Bufotoxin

Sodium potassium pump inhibitor

Acute Hyponatremia

Rapid drop in blood sodium levels

Cerebral edema

brain swelling from excess fluid

Results from acute hyponatremia

SCN9A, Nav1.7

voltage-gated sodium channel specific for pain

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

blocks voltage gated sodium channels

Tetraethylammonium (TEA)

blocks voltage gated potassium channels

Isaac’s Syndrome

Autoimmune against voltage gated potassium channels

Guillian-barre Syndrome

Autoimmune attack on peripheral nerve myelin

Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic autoimmune attack on central nerve myelin

Ascending paralysis

a progressive weakness or loss of muscle function that typically begins in the feet and legs, moving upward to the arms and torso, most common cause in GBS

Botulism

Blocks voltage gated sodium channels

Tetanus

Blocks inhibitory synapses in spinal cord

Blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter release from interneurons

Synaptobrevin

on vesicles, v-SNARE

Syntaxin + SNAP 25

on membrane, t-SNARE

synaptotagmin

on vesicle, bind Ca2+

Mysathenia

antibodies destroy nAChRs

Sarin

toxin inhibiting AChE

Cocaine

blocks reuptake of excitatory neurotransmitters by blocking DAT, NET, SERT (plasma membrane transport proteins that remove neurotransmitters from the synapse)

SSRIs

Blocks SERT treating depression

Methylphenidate

blocks reuptake of DAT treating ADHD

Curare

inhibits the nAChRs