FTCE Prekindergarten/Primary PK-3 Science (1)

The study of the physical universe surrounding us

Physical Science

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Matter

Anything that does not have mass or occupy space, but affects matter and space

Energy Level

3 States of matter

Solid, liquid, gas

Viscosity

Flow resistance

The gaseous form of a substance that is solid/liquid at lower temperatures

Vapor

Maintain their shape when they are not inside containers
Have the most cohesive molecules
Most attracted to each other

Solids

Have no definite shape
Have a definite volume
Are buoyant
Can diffuse
Cohesion of molecules draws them together

Liquids

Least cohesive
Do not maintain a definite shape
Can be elementary or compound

Gas

Composed of only one kind of chemical element

Elementary Gas

Molecules containing more that one kind of chemical element

Compound Gas

When light hits a smooth surface like a mirror, it bounces back off that surface

Reflection

The energy that atoms got from vibrations is then released as heat

Absorption of Light

The property of some objects/substances have of attracting other materials

Magnetism

Opposite poles __

Attract

Like poles ___

Repel

Materials that line up parallel to magnetic force fields

Paramagnetic

Materials that line up perpendicular to magnetic force field lines

Diamagnetic

The smallest units of all matter

Atoms

Materials that have little or no ability to conduct electricity

Electrical Insulators

Resist/block conduction

Insulators

Creates a steady flow of electrons by moving a magnet close to a wire, creating a magnetic field to propel electrons

Generator

Transmitted through conduction, radiation, and convection
Transmitted in solids through conduction

Heat

Process of transferring heat through contact
Ex: heat sink

Thermal Conductivity

Transfers the heat building up in the computer processor, moving it away before it can damage the processor

Heat Sink

When any physical object moves back and forth rapidly

Vibration

The most common sound conducting medium in our environment is gasesous

Atmosphere

Imaginary central lines between their north and south poles

Axes

Formed from volcanoes

Igneous Rocks

Are formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks deep inside the Earth's crust are subjected to intense heat and/or pressure

Metamorphic Rocks

Are formed on the Earth's surface by layers of eroded materials from mountains that were deposited by water, minerals like lime, salt, and gypsum deposited by evaporated by floodwater and organic material

Sedimentary Rocks

Made of little rocks bits-clasts-that are compacted and cemented together

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Formed through repeated flooding and subsequent evaporation

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from organic matter, such as calcium left behind from animal bones and shells

Organic Sedimentary Rocks

A natural process whereby Earth's landforms are broken down through weathering

Erosion

Having a single set of chromosomes

Haploid

Having two sets of chromosomes

Diploid

The study of interactions between organisms and their environments

Ecology

Two differing organisms regularly interact so that one or both benefits

Ecological Relationship

Both organisms benefit

Mutualistic Relationship

One organism benefits while the other is unaffected

Commensalistic Relationship

The parasite benefits, but the host suffers

Parasitic Relationships

The father of microscopy

Leeuwenhoek

What makes up tissues?

Organelles, cells

Volcano that has been built from lava flows as well as cinders and ash

Composite

Phases of the moon are the result of its what in relation to the sun

Position

Internal energy that is created by the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules

Thermal Energy

Radiant energy is what

Energy of electromagnetic waves

When humans shiver to keep warm it is called

Homeostasis

Co-founder of cell theory

Matthias Schlieden

Scientific inquiry begins with what

An observation

Father of genetics

Gregor Mandel

Founder of modern human anatomy

Andreas Vesalius

A major scientific development near the beginning of the 17th century was

The use of experiments to verify theories

The results of increased production of crops and a managed approach to agriculture is called

The agricultural revolution

What refers to the oceans and waters of earth

Hydrosphere

Repetition is important to scientific inquiry because

It is the only way to prove that an experiment is valid

What effect does science have on technology

Technology often results from scientific discoveries

What is required by all organisms in order to survive

Food, water, sunlight, and air

What is the difference between mass and weight

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, weight is the pull on gravity of an object

World weather patterns are influenced by

Ocean currents

In the technological design process, after the problem has been identified and a possible solution selected, what is the next step?

Try out the proposed solution

What activity would be the most meaningful science experiment for kindergarten students

Engaging in self-generated, open-ended science investigations

To address a standard on forces and changes in motion, a first-grade teacher designed an activity using balls. The teacher marks off a space and provides balls of different sizes and materials. Pairs of students are allowed 20 minutes to explore the balls and 10 minutes to discuss the question, "How did the balls roll?" This is an example of what type of teaching?

Inquiry

What is a least reflective of science's interrelatedness to other disciplines?

Students create a timeline of Florida history, including Native American tribes, colonialism, and current events

Greenhouse gases traps the Sun's thermal energy in the atmosphere. What is a direct effect of having too much Sun trapped in Earth's atmosphere?

Increase global temperatures

What action would demonstrate to a class the cause of Earth's four seasons?

The teacher tilts a model of Earth on its axis as it orbits around a model of the sun

Water is best described as a

Compound

Plants and animals are both classified as living things. They have many characteristics in common such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and use energy from food. What is a true statement about how plants and animals differ?

Animals acquire their food, whereas plants produce their own food

Changes that can be reversed and no new substance is formed

Physical change

The force that moves development along

Equilibration

The component of the Earth that is living spheres

Biosphere

Cannot be reversed and a new substance is formed

Chemical change

Type of cloud that is high and thin

Cirrus

Energy is transferred from one object to another when reaction takes place through heat, light, or motion
Ex: throwing a ball, heating a pot

Transfer of energy

Forces that relate to machines including machinery

Mechanical Force

The amount of energy something has stored inside

Potential Energy

A type of cloud that is low, float, and large

Stratus

A type of cloud that is big and fluffy

Cumulus

Where does energy come from

People, food, light, windmills, fire, power plants

Forces of attraction between all objects in the universe

Gravitational Force

A combination of two or more materials that does not include chemical reaction and all materials keep their properties

Mixture

What season is it when Earth is tilted towards the Sun

Summer

What has the power to change our landscape

Weathering, erosion, deposition, volcanoes, earthquakes, glaciers

Verbal equinox and autumnal equinox

Fall and Spring

What are the steps to the scientific method

Observe, question, hypothesis, experiment, results

Any group of living and nonliving things interacting

Ecosystem

Forces that exist between two charged particles

like charges repel, unlike charges attract

Electrostatic Force

Forces that electrical charges experience while moving in a magnetic field

Magnetic Force

What season is it when Earth is titled away from the Sun

Winter

Motivation, remembering, prior knowledge, intellectual engagement with relevant facts, using evidence to critique claims, sense-making

Effective Science Instruction

When water falls from clouds/atmosphere back to land

Precipitation

The breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earth's surface, water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents in

Weathering

A force of attraction between two objects

it holds everything close to this planet, trees, water, animals, buildings, and the air we breathe

Gravity

The ability to do work, to make things happen, and to cause changes

Energy

How does water come from land to vapor

Evaporation- ground to water in atmosphere
Sublimation- water to vapor or snow
Transpration- plants reverse water as they grow

Every object in the universe that has mass exerts a gravitational pull, or

Force

The result of air moving around in the atmosphere

Wind