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Silicon
Polymers of silicon, oxygen, and carbon are called what?
Silicates
Mineral compounds containing metals and silicon-oxygen groups are called what?
Magnesium hydroxide
Milk of magnesia is used in stomach antacid and laxatives is a suspension of what?
Magnesium Sulfate
Epsom salts are used in hot baths to reduce swelling are a hydrate of what?
Platinum
An expensive metal widely used in automotive catalytic converters, spark plugs, and surgical tools is what?
Sulfur
The nonmetal that exists in rhombic, monoclinic, and plastic forms depending on the temperature is?
Aluminum
A lightweight metal extracted from bauxite and widely used in aircraft, space craft, and beverage cans is?
Sulfur
What element that is produced annually is used for acid production?
Carbon
Steel is an alloy of iron and a small percentage of what?
Cyanide Process
Gold and silver are usually extracted from low grade ores using the what process?
Nitrous oxide
Lauging gas, a compound used as an anesthetic in minor dental surgery, is what?
sulfur
What element is typically extracted from petroleum and natural gas using the Claus process?
copper
Brass and bronze are both alloys of what element?
nitrogen fixation
The process by which certain microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants is what?
iron
The blast furnace is used to extract what from its ore?
iodine
The hormone thyroxin, produced by the thyroid gland, contains what?
CaCO3
Deposits inside boilers, hot-water heaters, and teapots are often due to what?
Natural gas
Most helium is extracted from what?
Noble gases
What group of elements are found in nature only as free, uncombined elements?
Aluminum
What is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust?
Halogens
Which class of nonmetals is the most reactive?
Ammonia
What compound used in fertilizer manufacturing is produced by the Haber process?
Calcium
What alkaline earth metal is an essential component of bone and teeth?
Halogens
Includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
Precious metals
Includes platinum, silver, and gold
Semimetals
Includes boron, silicon, and geranium
Noble gases
Includes helium, argon, krypton, and xenon
alkaline earth metals
Includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, and barium
platinum group metals
Includes palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium
Alkali metals
Includes lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium
iron
Hematite is the most common ore of what element?
boron
Borax is one of the most common compounds of what element?
Aluminum
The Hall-Heroult process is used to produce what?
allotropes
Two or more forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state are called what?
sodium hydroxide
Lye and caustic soda are common names for what?
hard water
Water containing high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron (II) ions is called what water?
copper
Malachite, cuprite, and chalcopyrite are ores of what?
oxygen
Ozone is an allotrope of what element?
radon
What naturally produced noble gas can diffuse into home basements and is associated with an increased risk of cancer?
fluourine
What is the most reactive of all elements?
hydrogen
What element is produced industrially by steam reforming of natural gas?
silicon
What semiconductor is most commonly used to make computer chips?
sulfuric acid is used extensively in industry
Which statements best explains why sulfuric acid can be used to measure the health of the United States' economy?
oxygen
Which element isn't an important nutrient contained in commercial fertilizers?
barium sulfate
What compound is used as a contrast agent for x-rays of the gastrointestinal tract?
lead
What dense metal is used in car batteries, weights, radiation shielding, and small-arms ammunition?
annealing
Which of the following is NOT a method of hardening steel?
iron
What is the cheapest and most widely used metal?
beryllium
What metal is used to make the windows in x-ray tubes?
silicates
What is the primary component of window glass?
poor electrical conductivity
Which of the following physical properties is NOT characteristic of metals?
uranium
What very dense metal is used in industrial counterweights, high-density armor, and nuclear fuels?
gold
What is the most malleable and ductile metal known?
hydrogen
Which of the following nonmetals does NOT have multiple allotropes at room temperature?
ozone ion
Which of the following is NOT an ion of oxygen?
phosphorus
What element exists as an unstable white allotrope and a more stable red allotrope?
amalgam
What is an alloy of mercury with another metal?
pig iron
What is the form of iron produced by direct iron reduction?
hypochlorite
What is the most active ingredient in bleach?
phosphates
What are salts of phosphoric acids called?
metallurgy
What is the science of extracting metals from their naturally occurring materials and preparing them for use?
hydrogenation
What is the addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds known as?
photosynthesis
What is the process occurring in plants that continually replenishes oxygen in the atmosphere?
silicon
What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust?
fluorine
What is used as refrigerants as an anticavity dental treatment?
chlorine
What is used in bleaches, PVC plastics, medicines, pesticides, and water treatment?
helium
What is used in deep-sea diving mixtures and as a nonflammable lifting gas in airships and high-altitude balloons?
nitrogen
What is used in ammonia, artificial fertilizers, and explosive compounds?
hydrogen
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
hydrogen
What elements isotopes are protium, deuterium, and tritium?
