topic 5 organic chemistry 3

What is the 'acid test'

Alkenes will decolourise bromine

What is Brady's test?

Aldehydes and ketones will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and turn yellow/orange

What does infrared light give information on?

Functional groups

What does UV (visible) light give us information on?

Aromatics/ transition metals

What does NMR light give us info on?

Organic structure

What amines have a lone pair of electrons?

Primary, secondary and tertiary

What are characteristics of amines

Basic (can deprotonate water)
Nucleophilic
Soluble in water
Can form covalent bonds
Weak hydrogen bond donors
Can act as ligands
Usually smell bad

How do we make amines?

Alkylation of ammonium
Reduction of nitrogen compounds
Reduction of of imines to amines

What is more reactive aldehydes or ketones?

Aldehydes as they are more polar and less steric

What does dipolar mean?

An uneven distribution of charge and no protons that can be lost.

What are the characteristics of imines?

-Can act as ligands for meals
-Can produce coloured compounds
-Can be referred to as 'Schiff bases'

What makes an imine more stable?

If it is basic

What is hard water?

contains calcium and magnesium dissolved ions

What does soap form in hard water?

Scum

What are salts of fatty acids?

Soaps

What is pKa determined by?

The stability of the anion

What are 'acyl' derivatives?

-formed from carboxylic acids
-a non carbon atom attached to C\=O