Us history final

Explain how militarism contributed to the beginning of WWI

The major powers of Europe were continually competing for military supremacy by stocking weapons which raised political tensions.

What were the major Empires in Europe prior to WWI, and why did nationalism threaten the stability of Europe?

Britain, France, Italy, Austria- Hungary, and Russia, It created more division among European countries

What event began the chain of events that led to WWI?

The Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand

How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe

It altered the balance of powers in Europe and uncoordinated expanded its borders, creating fear in neighboring European countries

what political circumstances in Europe led to WWI?

The expansion of European nations as empires, military expansion, and border disputes

How did Germanys use of unrestricted submarine warfare bring the us into WWI?

German U Boats had begun sinking passenger and Merchant ships

What events motivated the US to join the war?

Germanys resumption of submarine warfare after peace negotiation and their sinking of the Lusitania

The Triple Entente Included

Great Britain, France, and Russia

Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia

Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British Navy and the British sought out defense from Alliances with other countries

How did Victory Gardens help civilians contribute to the war effort?

helped them grow their own food which lessened the likelihood of a food shortage

What were some of the new agencies that Congress established to help manage the wartime economy?

The War Industries Board, The Fuel Administration, and The Food Administration

What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the US during WWI

to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses

What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board

To coordinate the purchase and production of war materials

What constitutional issues were raised by federal policies during the war?

The Sedition Act and the Espionage Act caused issues concerning the freedom of speech in the First Amendment

What was the Espionage act of 1917

was intended to prohibit interference with military operations or recruitment, to prevent insubordination in the military, and to prevent the support of U.S. enemies during wartime.

What did the supreme court rule in the Schenck Vs US case

That the Espionage Act did not violate freedom of speech or the First Amendment

What was the role of women in WWI?

during the war, women replaced men in heavy industry and munitions factories, women also served as nurses, drivers, clerks for the military and encouraged to support their soldiers

What was the Selective Service Act of 1917?

all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 had to register for the draft

- lotteries were held to determine who would serve

Selling the war to the American People was the task of what agency?

The Committee on Public Information

How did America fund the 32 billion dollar war effort?

The US issued four different Liberty loan boards and sold bonds as well as raised taxes

What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

They sought to stifle criticism of the government or the war and allowed the poster matter general to intercept mail concerning criticism.

What was the final German act that caused the United states to declare war on Germany?

Germanys resumption of attack on passenger and merchant ships

What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?

Countries began to engage in militarism and began to stock pile weapons

What new technologies were introduced in WWI, and how did they impact the war?

heavy artillery, machine guns, tanks, and motorized transport vehicles all created the most deadly war as seen yet by that time in history

The Alliance Entente included

Great Britain, France, and Russia

The Great Migration during WWI was a flow of

Black southerners in northern industrial states

What countries did the Triple Alliances include?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Advancement in technology led to what new theater of battle?

Air battles, which were dogfights between Military planes

How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?

Allied forces were enthusiastic for the US support and German forces were demoralized

What was the Breast-Litovsky Treaty?

A peace treaty was signed on March 2, 1918, as Breast Litovsk between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exist from WWI

How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?

By creating convoys in which merchant ships an small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together

In WWI, airplanes were first used to

gather information beyond enemy trenches

What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?

German troops began marching across Ukraine, unopposed

The Big Four who attended the peace conference at the end of WWI were the leader from the

United States, Britain, France, and Italy

General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war

be well-trained before being stationed in Europe

Where was the Western Front?

between Germany and France

A major problem in Germany's plan to invade France was that its forces first had to advance through neutral

Belgium

How did ideas of national self - determination influence the Treaty of Versailles?

it caused the dismantling of empires in order for regions and groups to have self rule

Why was the arrival of American forces so important to the war effort?

it made the eventual defeat of Germany possible

What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?

President Woodrow Wilson had failed to take senators' objections to the agreement into consideration

Who overthrew the Russian government in November of 1917 and established a Communist government there?

The Bolshevik Party

What was the Dawes Plan?

It was a American's investors plan to find a way for the German's to continue to pay reparations. This will work for about 5 years till Hitler comes to rule.

As strikes erupted across the United States in 1919, the fear that Communists, or "reds" as they were called, might seize power led to a nationwide panic known as the

Red Scare

Why did the number of strikes increase after the war?

the jobs and well-being of many returning workers was cause for serious concern in 1919, ultimately leading to a number of strikes

Why did many Americans come to fear Communists and other radicals during the Red Scare after WWI? What was the effect of the Red Scare?

Fear of communism, archaism, the Bolshevik revolution, and general fear of immigrants lead to the Red Scare. It cause a lot of tensions to build politically, and almost everyone was looked at with suspicion of communism

In the 1920 election, Warren G. Harding ran on the platform of

Returning to normalcy

What were some ways in which the U.S. showed signs of isolationism after WWI?

The US signed treaties limiting naval construction, and signed the Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact, outlawing aggressive war.

Which famous scandal involved the secretary of the interior taking bribes to lease oil reserves to private interests?

The Teapot Dome Scandal

Who was the first cabinet official in U.S. history to go to prison?

Albert Fall

Attorney General Harry Daugherty was accused of accepting bribes to

transfer ownership of a German-owned chemical company seized during World War I

Which two of Harding's appointees remained under President Coolidge and contributedgreatly to the prosperity of the 1920s?

Herbert Hoover and Andrew Mellon

What position did Herbert Hoover hold in the Coolidge administration?

Secretary of Commerce

Mellon's principle of cutting tax rates in order to stimulate the economy is known today as

supply side economics

Rather than relying on armed force to influence global policy during the 1920s, the U.S. used

economic policies and arms agreements

What was the success of the Washington Conference?

It resulted in several countries agreeing to a moratorium on the construction of warships

consumerism lead to which of the following changes in views on debt and borrowing?

More Americans found it acceptable to use consumer credit for purchases.

What was the result of the Kelly Act, passed by Congress in 1925?

It gave commercial airlines an economic boost

What group of Americans found themselves let go from factory positions when service men returned from war?

African Americans

The belief that one's homeland needs to be protected from immigrants is called

nativism

How did new industries such as the automobile and radio change the way people lived?

Cars lessened the isolation of people in rural areas and let people live farther from where they worked. Urban transportation systems like the trolley became less popular. Radio became a focus of family entertainment.

In 1920 in one of the first commercial radio broadcasts in history, listeners of station KDKA in Pittsburgh heard the

News of Warren G Harding's Presidential victory

Why were Sacco and Vanzetti considered anarchists, and how did that affect the result of their trial

newspapers showed how they opposed all forms of government, and it was assumed they were guilty because they were anarchists, foreigners, and death was sentenced.

How did the National Origins Act help with the tensions created by Nativism?

made immigration restriction a permanent policy, exempted natives of the Western Hemisphere from the quotas

John T. Scopes was put on trial for

teaching evolution

What was the 21st Amendment?

repealed prohibition

What was the Butler Act?

outlawed the teaching of evolution

How did the "new morality" of the 1920s change traditional views of marriage?

The ideals of romantic love and friendship became more important.

What was the purpose of the Volstead Act?

enforce prohibition

The 1920s movement that believed the Christian Bible was literally true and denied the theory of evolution was

The Fundamentalist Movement

Who was Ernest Hemingway?

A novelist who portrayed the futility and dehumanizing consequences of war.

For women of the 1920s, new fashions represented

their new social, economic, and intellectual freedoms

The golden age of Hollywood began in 1927 with the release of

The Jazz Singer

The unconventional way in which many writers and artists lived during the 1920s was referred to as

Bohemianism

The Sultan of Swat was the nickname for

Babe Ruth

What was the Cotton Club?

Harlem nightspot where many African American entertainers got their start

a prolific and original writer, became a leading voice on the African American experience in America

Langston Hughes

Louis Armstrong is credited with developing an early form of this style of music, which combined Dixieland blues and ragtime, called?

Jazz

How did the Harlem Renaissance transform African American society?

The Harlem Renaissance instilled in African Americans across the country a new spirit of self-determination and pride, a new social consciousness, and a new commitment to political activism, all of which would provide a foundation for the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

How did African Americans influence politics in the 1920s?

Their numbers in Northern cities made them a powerful voting bloc

What was one of the major political successes of the NAACP?

It helped block the Supreme Court nomination of an alleged racist

How was Marcus Garvey successful in influencing African American culture?

He instilled African Americans a sense of pride in their culture and heritage

Why was buying stocks based on speculation a risk?

Buying stocks on speculation was risky because buyers put their money in the stock market with no guarantee of the trend.

What led to a bull stock market in 1928?

economic prosperity and optimism

Which of the following was a root cause of the Great Depression?

the stock market crash of 1929

What great literary work depicted the life of a family of "Okies"?

The Grapes of Wrath

How did President Hoover initially respond to the stock market crash?

By being optimistic and downplaying the severity

What principle did President Hoover originally cling to as the solution to the nation's economic troubles?

Rugged Individualism

What was the purpose of the series of conferences President Hoover conducted in 1930 in response to the economy?

To convince business leaders to retain workers and maintain wages

What caused the Dust Bowl?

A massive drought that turned uncultivated land into dust that blew across hundreds of miles.

What were shantytowns?

communities of homeless people who lived on public land

Young men and boys who rode railways from one place to another in search of a better life were called

hoboes

What did many Dust Bowl farmers do when they lost their land to the banks?

They headed West to California

Why did the entertainment industry grow during the Great Depression?

Many people affected by the economic downturn sought inexpensive ways to pass the time and distract themselves from the challenging circumstances

What great literary work depicted the life of a family of "Okies"?

The Grapes of Wrath

How did President Hoover initially respond to the stock market crash?

President Hoover expressed his confidence that the economy was strong and stable despite the declining stock market.

What principle did President Hoover originally cling to as the solution to the nation's economic troubles?

rugged individualism

What was the purpose of the series of conferences President Hoover conducted in 1930 in response to the economy?

To convince business leaders to retain workers and maintain wages

What are public works?

government funded building projects

What was the purpose of the National Credit Corporation?

to increase the amount of currency in circulation