Ch 25 Maternity

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key pediatric respiratory terms, conditions, treatments, and complications discussed in the lecture.

Ventilation

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs for gas exchange.

Nasopharyngitis

Scientific term for the common cold; an upper-respiratory tract infection causing stuffy nose, irritability, mild cough.

Allergic Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa from allergens; causes sneezing, itchy/watery eyes, clear drainage.

Acute Pharyngitis

Inflammation of throat structures, often viral in ages 5-10; bacterial cases may involve Haemophilus influenzae or Group A strep.

Haemophilus influenzae (Hib)

Bacterium that can cause pharyngitis, epiglottitis, and other infections; preventable with Hib vaccine.

Rheumatic Fever

Post-streptococcal inflammatory disease that can follow untreated strep throat.

Glomerulonephritis

Kidney inflammation that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal infection.

Sinusitis

Infection of the paranasal sinuses, suspected when symptoms last >10 days or worsen after improvement.

Amoxicillin

First-line antibiotic for bacterial sinusitis in children.

Croup

General term for upper-airway obstruction syndromes that produce a barking cough and stridor.

Congenital Laryngeal Stridor

Weak airway walls and floppy epiglottis in infants causing inspiratory stridor, eased by prone/side-lying.

Tripoding

Upright, leaning-forward posture children assume to ease severe respiratory distress.

Epiglottitis

Rapid, life-threatening swelling of the epiglottis; do NOT insert anything into the mouth; usually due to Hib.

Bronchitis

Inflammation/infection of the bronchi; often viral, producing a harsh unproductive cough.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Virus responsible for ~50 % of bronchiolitis/bronchitis and most viral pneumonia in infants.

Contact Precautions

Infection-control measures (gown/gloves) used for organisms like RSV to prevent spread.

Ribavirin

Antiviral aerosol occasionally used for severe RSV infections in high-risk infants.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of lung parenchyma with exudate-filled alveoli, leading to shallow breathing and hypoxia.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

Bacterial pathogen that can cause neonatal pneumonia if maternal colonization is untreated.

Aspiration Pneumonia

Lung infection/inflammation resulting from inhalation of foreign material such as food or liquids.

Smoke Inhalation Injury

Damage from inhaling hot gases or toxic smoke chemicals; includes risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carboxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide, preventing oxygen transport; undetectable by pulse oximetry.

Pulmonary Edema

Fluid leakage into lung tissue that develops 6–72 h after smoke inhalation.

Atelectasis

Collapse of part or all of a lung, often a complication of smoke injury or post-op states.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Severe respiratory failure with non-cardiac pulmonary edema and refractory hypoxemia.

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils leading to sore throat and difficulty swallowing.

Adenoiditis

Inflammation of adenoids that can further obstruct airway and increase infection risk.

Tonsillectomy Post-Op Bleeding Signs

Frequent swallowing, vomiting bright-red blood, or stridor indicating hemorrhage.

Status Asthmaticus

Severe, unrelenting asthma attack unresponsive to usual drugs; medical emergency requiring ICU care.

Silent Chest

Absence of breath sounds in a patient previously wheezing—indicates complete airway obstruction.

Albuterol

Short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator used as a rescue inhaler for acute asthma symptoms.

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Controller medications that reduce airway inflammation in chronic asthma; rinse mouth after use.

Leukotriene Modifiers (e.g., Montelukast)

Oral agents that block leukotrienes to decrease asthma airway inflammation.

Cystic Fibrosis

Autosomal-recessive disorder causing thick mucus, chronic lung infections, and malabsorption.

Meconium Ileus

Failure to pass first stool due to thick meconium—often first sign of cystic fibrosis.

Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement

Oral enzymes taken with all meals/snacks in CF to aid nutrient absorption.

Clubbing

Painless bulbous enlargement of fingertips caused by chronic hypoxia.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

Chronic lung disease in preterm infants from prolonged oxygen/ventilator use; also called neonatal RDS.

Surfactant

Pulmonary substance that lowers alveolar surface tension; may be administered to preterm neonates.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Unexpected death of an infant during sleep with no identifiable cause after autopsy.

Back to Sleep Campaign

Public-health initiative advising supine sleep positioning to reduce SIDS risk.

HEPA Filter

High-efficiency particulate air filter used to reduce airborne allergens in allergic rhinitis or asthma.