Med Bio Ch.7.2 pg.2

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that comes in two forms: rough ER, which synthesizes proteins, and smooth ER, which synthesizes lipids and metabolizes carbohydrates.

Golgi Apparatus

Stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins; contains enzymes for additional protein modifications.

Mitochondria

Bean-shaped organelle with two membranes; the inner membrane is where the electron transport chain of cellular respiration occurs.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer that provides protection, support, and shape to plant cells, allowing them to adhere and support the entire organism.

Chloroplast

An organelle with an outer and inner membrane, containing ribosomes and DNA; the site where photosynthesis occurs.

Photosynthesis occurs in the __________ of plant cells.

Chloroplasts

The __________ is responsible for producing ATP in cells.

Mitochondria

The __________ is a semi-permeable membrane that surrounds all cells.

Cell membrane

Ribosomes can be found on the surface of the __________.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The __________ provides structural support and protection to plant cells.

Cell wall

__________ are involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.

Golgi Apparatus

The __________ is the gel-like substance inside a cell that contains organelles.

Cytoplasm

The __________ is the control center of the cell that contains DNA.

Nucleus

__________ are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Ribosomes

The __________ is an organelle responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the function of the ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell and contains DNA.

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that surrounds and protects the cell.

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP, which provides energy for the cell.

What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for delivery.

What is photosynthesis and where does it occur?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, occurring in chloroplasts.

What is the structure of the cell wall?

The cell wall is a rigid layer that provides protection and support to plant cells.

What is cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside a cell that contains all organelles.

Why are chloroplasts important for plants?

Chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis, enabling plants to produce food.