Studied by 25 people
French and Indian War
War with French over land in Ohio River Valley
British Colonies
Protestant
Families
Population boom
Trade and cash crop economy
New France
Catholic
Mostly men
Slow population growth
Fur trade
Causes of French and Indian War
Competition for land in the ORV
Competition for resources
Growing population in British colonies leads to expansion
Benjamin Franklin
Albany Congress
Helped draft Dec of Ind
Representative at constitutional convention
Albany Congress
Meeting to help unite colonies against French
Join or Die
Benjamin Franklin made to encourage colonies to unite against French
George Washington
Served in French and Indian War
Americas first president
Farewell address
Treaty of Paris
Ended F&I war
America gains large amounts of French land
Effects of French and Indian War
Pontiacs rebellion
Proclamation of 1763
England in debt
Colonists angry
Pontiacs Rebellion
Native Americans rebellion after British move into Ohio territory
Proclamation of 1763
Ended salutary neglect
Causes of American Revolution
Taxes by British
Boston Massacre
Anger from colonists
Enlightenment
Sugar Act
Tax on sugar
first tax to make revenue
Stamp Act
Tax on documents
First direct tax on colonists
Declaratory Act
Assured Britains right to tax
Response to backlash over stamp act
Townshend Act
Tax on tea, glass, lead, and paper
Reactions to taxes from colonists
Boycott British goods
Resistance groups
Committees of Correspondence
Sons of Liberty
Resistance group
Boston Tea Party
Women during the lead up to revolution
make own goods
Daughters of Liberty
Homespun movement
Women make their own goods to protest British taxes
Boston Massacre
British troops shoot at colonists
Tea Act
Tax on tea leads to Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea party
Sons of Liberty dump British tea into harbor to protest taxes
Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts
British reaction to Boston Tea Party
Make colonists pay for tea
Took away liberties
“last straw”
Continental Congresses 1&2
Meeting to discuss revolution
Olive Branch Petition
Olive Branch Petition
Attempt to mend relations with British
Enlightenment
Began in Europe
revolutionary thought
sparked Am Rev
Common Sense
Thomas Payne
Support colonial independence
Individual participation in gov
Declaration of Independence
Declared America’s independence from British in 1776, inspired by John Locke
John Locke
Natural rights
First Continental Congress
in response to intolerable acts
colonies send delegates
list of grievances to king
Second Continental Congress
in response to Lexington and concord
Declaration of independence
Continental army
Washington elected to lead army
established first government
Lexington and Concord
Start of conflict in American revolution
“the shot heard round the world”
Bunker Hill
Proved America capable of defeating British
Saratoga
American victory
Gained support from France
Valley Forge
Low point for Continental army
brutal winter
Yorktown
Final battle of American revolution
British surrender
Patriots
Want independence
from urban areas
Loyalists
Want to stay under British rule
from rural areas (NY, GA)
British Army Advantages
Known as best in the world
access to resources and training
British army disadvantages
ill suited for fights in colonies
in debt from F&I war
American Army advantages
commitment
knowledge of land
American Army disadvantages
lack of supplies and training
Treaty of Paris (1783)
End of war
British gave up land west of colonies
Women in Revolutionary war
cooks
nurses
daughters of liberty
Natives in revolutionary war
supported British
feared land being taken
African Americans in Revolutionary war
American and British armies
many were promised freedom after the war
Articles of confederation
first written government
very weak
Articles of Confederation weaknesses
No executive
no power to tax
9/13 to pass laws
13/13 to amend laws
Unicameral legislature
too much power in states
Articles of Confederation Successes
Land ordinance
Northwest Ordinance
Northwest ordinance
Laid out process from admitting new states
Shay’s rebellion
Showed inability of articles to put down insurrection
Constitutional Convention
Sparked by Shays rebellion
gather to write new constitution
Great Compromise
Virginia + New Jersey Plans
bicameral legislature
House and Senate
3/5 Compromise
3/5 slaves counted toward population for taxing and representation
Separation of Powers
Divide powers into 3 branches
Checks and Balances
each branch checks actions of others
Federalism
Broad powers to national government
Some powers reserved for states
Necessary and Proper Clause
Congress has powers “necessary and proper”
Federalists (pre-constitution)
Supported ratification of constitution as is
Property rights used for voting (only wealthy people)
Anti- Federalists
Opposed constitution
wanted to add a bill of rights
fewer limits on voting
Federalist papers
85 papers written to support ratification of constitution
Constitution ratified
1788, with bill of rights
Republican Motherhood
women should raise sons to be good participants in the republic
George Washington Domestic Issues
Support Whiskey Tax
Support National Bank
Approved Treaty of Greenville
Treaty of Greenville
Washington
Compensate natives for land
Washington Foreign issues
Jay’s treaty with British
Pinkney’s treaty with Spanish
Jay’s Treaty
Wahsington
resolve boundary issues with british
Stop impressment of sailors
remove British troops
Pinkney’s Treaty
Washington
Boundary between Spanish and American lands
America gets access to Mississippi River
Washingtons Precedents
Cabinet of advisors
2 terms
farewell address
Washinton’s Farewell Address
No political parties
Neutral in foreign conflict
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist papers
Secretary of Treasury
federalist
financial plan
Hamiltons Financial Plan
Assumption of state war debts
National bank
National currency
support manufacturing industry
Whiskey rebellion
Put down by George Washington
Showed constitution will last
Thomas Jefferson
Drafted Declaration of Independence
Democratic Republican
3rd president
Secretary of State
Federalists (post -constitution)
Lead by Hamilton
national bank
loose interpretation of constitution
economy based on trade and manufacturing
Want to support British
Democratic-Republicans
Lead by Jefferson
Oppose national bank
Strict interpretation of constitution
economy based on farming
want to support French
John Adams
Second president
John Adams Challenges
Legacy of Washington
political party division
quasi war with france
XYZ affair
Alien and sedition acts
XYZ Affair
French delegates tried to bribe America
Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams
made it a crime to speak against government
Hard to become an American citizen as an alien
lead to VA+KY resolutions
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Try to nullify Alien and Sedition acts
states rights should take precedent over national
James Madison
Drafted constitution
Wrote some of the federalist papers
Democratic republican
4th president
Jefferson Revolution of 1800
John Adams lost to Jefferson
first peaceful transfer of power
