APUSH Period 3 Review

French and Indian War

War with French over land in Ohio River Valley

British Colonies

Protestant

Families

Population boom

Trade and cash crop economy

New France

Catholic

Mostly men

Slow population growth

Fur trade

Causes of French and Indian War

Competition for land in the ORV

Competition for resources

Growing population in British colonies leads to expansion

Benjamin Franklin

Albany Congress

Helped draft Dec of Ind

Representative at constitutional convention

Albany Congress

Meeting to help unite colonies against French

Join or Die

Benjamin Franklin made to encourage colonies to unite against French

George Washington

Served in French and Indian War

Americas first president

Farewell address

Treaty of Paris

Ended F&I war

America gains large amounts of French land

Effects of French and Indian War

Pontiacs rebellion

Proclamation of 1763

England in debt

Colonists angry

Pontiacs Rebellion

Native Americans rebellion after British move into Ohio territory

Proclamation of 1763

Ended salutary neglect

Causes of American Revolution

Taxes by British

Boston Massacre

Anger from colonists

Enlightenment

Sugar Act

Tax on sugar

first tax to make revenue

Stamp Act

Tax on documents

First direct tax on colonists

Declaratory Act

Assured Britains right to tax

Response to backlash over stamp act

Townshend Act

Tax on tea, glass, lead, and paper

Reactions to taxes from colonists

Boycott British goods

Resistance groups

Committees of Correspondence

Sons of Liberty

Resistance group

Boston Tea Party

Women during the lead up to revolution

make own goods

Daughters of Liberty

Homespun movement

Women make their own goods to protest British taxes

Boston Massacre

British troops shoot at colonists

Tea Act

Tax on tea leads to Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea party

Sons of Liberty dump British tea into harbor to protest taxes

Coercive Acts / Intolerable Acts

British reaction to Boston Tea Party

Make colonists pay for tea

Took away liberties

“last straw”

Continental Congresses 1&2

Meeting to discuss revolution

Olive Branch Petition

Olive Branch Petition

Attempt to mend relations with British

Enlightenment

Began in Europe

revolutionary thought

sparked Am Rev

Common Sense

Thomas Payne

Support colonial independence

Individual participation in gov

Declaration of Independence

Declared America’s independence from British in 1776, inspired by John Locke

John Locke

Natural rights

First Continental Congress

in response to intolerable acts

colonies send delegates

list of grievances to king

Second Continental Congress

in response to Lexington and concord

Declaration of independence

Continental army

Washington elected to lead army

established first government

Lexington and Concord

Start of conflict in American revolution

“the shot heard round the world”

Bunker Hill

Proved America capable of defeating British

Saratoga

American victory

Gained support from France

Valley Forge

Low point for Continental army

brutal winter

Yorktown

Final battle of American revolution

British surrender

Patriots

Want independence

from urban areas

Loyalists

Want to stay under British rule

from rural areas (NY, GA)

British Army Advantages

Known as best in the world

access to resources and training

British army disadvantages

ill suited for fights in colonies

in debt from F&I war

American Army advantages

commitment

knowledge of land

American Army disadvantages

lack of supplies and training

Treaty of Paris (1783)

End of war

British gave up land west of colonies

Women in Revolutionary war

cooks

nurses

daughters of liberty

Natives in revolutionary war

supported British

feared land being taken

African Americans in Revolutionary war

American and British armies

many were promised freedom after the war

Articles of confederation

first written government

very weak

Articles of Confederation weaknesses

No executive

no power to tax

9/13 to pass laws

13/13 to amend laws

Unicameral legislature

too much power in states

Articles of Confederation Successes

Land ordinance

Northwest Ordinance

Northwest ordinance

Laid out process from admitting new states

Shay’s rebellion

Showed inability of articles to put down insurrection

Constitutional Convention

Sparked by Shays rebellion

gather to write new constitution

Great Compromise

Virginia + New Jersey Plans

bicameral legislature

House and Senate

3/5 Compromise

3/5 slaves counted toward population for taxing and representation

Separation of Powers

Divide powers into 3 branches

Checks and Balances

each branch checks actions of others

Federalism

Broad powers to national government

Some powers reserved for states

Necessary and Proper Clause

Congress has powers “necessary and proper”

Federalists (pre-constitution)

Supported ratification of constitution as is

Property rights used for voting (only wealthy people)

Anti- Federalists

Opposed constitution

wanted to add a bill of rights

fewer limits on voting

Federalist papers

85 papers written to support ratification of constitution

Constitution ratified

1788, with bill of rights

Republican Motherhood

women should raise sons to be good participants in the republic

George Washington Domestic Issues

Support Whiskey Tax

Support National Bank

Approved Treaty of Greenville

Treaty of Greenville

Washington

Compensate natives for land

Washington Foreign issues

Jay’s treaty with British

Pinkney’s treaty with Spanish

Jay’s Treaty

Wahsington

resolve boundary issues with british

Stop impressment of sailors

remove British troops

Pinkney’s Treaty

Washington

Boundary between Spanish and American lands

America gets access to Mississippi River

Washingtons Precedents

Cabinet of advisors

2 terms

farewell address

Washinton’s Farewell Address

No political parties

Neutral in foreign conflict

Alexander Hamilton

Federalist papers

Secretary of Treasury

federalist

financial plan

Hamiltons Financial Plan

Assumption of state war debts

National bank

National currency

support manufacturing industry

Whiskey rebellion

Put down by George Washington

Showed constitution will last

Thomas Jefferson

Drafted Declaration of Independence

Democratic Republican

3rd president

Secretary of State

Federalists (post -constitution)

Lead by Hamilton

national bank

loose interpretation of constitution

economy based on trade and manufacturing

Want to support British

Democratic-Republicans

Lead by Jefferson

Oppose national bank

Strict interpretation of constitution

economy based on farming

want to support French

John Adams

Second president

John Adams Challenges

Legacy of Washington

political party division

quasi war with france

XYZ affair

Alien and sedition acts

XYZ Affair

French delegates tried to bribe America

Alien and Sedition Acts

John Adams

made it a crime to speak against government

Hard to become an American citizen as an alien

lead to VA+KY resolutions

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Try to nullify Alien and Sedition acts

states rights should take precedent over national

James Madison

Drafted constitution

Wrote some of the federalist papers

Democratic republican

4th president

Jefferson Revolution of 1800

John Adams lost to Jefferson

first peaceful transfer of power