Chemistry GCE Ordinary Level Syllabus

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from the Chemistry GCE Ordinary Level Syllabus.

What is the simplest particle of matter?

An atom.

What are the sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What does the particulate nature of matter explain?

The arrangement of particles and the forces between them determine the physical properties of a substance.

What is the purpose of experimental design in chemistry?

To appropriately use apparatus for measuring time, temperature, mass, and volume.

List two physical methods of separation.

Filtration and crystallization.

What is the kinetic particle theory?

It explains the states of matter and their interconversion in terms of particle movement and energy changes.

What distinguishes covalent bonding?

It involves the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms.

Describe ionic bonding.

It involves the formation of ions by electron loss or gain, leading to electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

What is a characteristic property of metals?

They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

What is the importance of measuring the purity of substances?

It is crucial for ensuring safety and efficacy in foodstuffs and medicines.

What do 'Rf values' refer to in chromatography?

The ratio of the distance traveled by the compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front.

What is an acid according to the definitions provided in the syllabus?

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution.

How can you identify a carbonate anion?

By adding dilute acid and observing the production of carbon dioxide, which turns limewater cloudy.

What is the reaction between an acid and a base called?

Neutralization.

What is electrolysis?

The conduction of electricity through an ionic compound in a molten or aqueous state, leading to chemical changes at the electrodes.

What does the reactivity series indicate?

The order of metals by their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.

Discuss one environmental issue related to organic compounds.

Excessive use of crude oil and its products can lead to pollution and sustainability challenges.

What is a biofuel?

A renewable energy source derived from biological materials, such as bioethanol from sugarcane.

What role do transition elements typically play in chemical reactions?

They often act as catalysts and form colored compounds.