APUSH chapter 29

Underwood Tariff

1913. One of Wilson's first acts as President. Personally presented it to Congress. Substantially lowered tariff rates, but widely opposed. Wilson called for people to hold their leaders accountable.

Federal Reserve Act

1913. Wilson signed this after personally presenting it to Congress. It made the national banking system run by the government as opposed to a privately run bank. It also was a singular entity as opposed to the Republican idea of a multi-branched bank.

Federal Trade Commission Act

Enacted a presidentially appointed commission that had the power to investigate industries involved in interstate commerce. Aimed to erradicate monopolies.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

1914. Extended the Sherman Act. Banned more practices deemed as unfair such as price discrimination. Helped laborers

Holding Companies

A company that owns part or all of the other companies' stock in order to extend monopoly control. Often, a holding company does not produce goods or services of its own but only exists to control other companies. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 sought to clamp down on these companies when they obstructed competition.

Workingmen's Compensation Act

The culmination of many acts aimed at helping the farmers and sailors. This act granted federal assistance to laborers in cases of disability and restricted child labor.

Adamson Act

Another act helping laborers. Established an eight-hour day for employees working in interstate commerce and granted extra pay for overtime

Jones Act

The culmination of many foreign policy reforms. Wilson got rid of Taft's dollar diplomacy. This act granted the Philippines territorial status and promised eventual independence

Tampico Incident

U.S. was interfering in Mexican affairs, claiming that they were aiming to thwart the Germans, but some Mexicans didn't buy that. A force of Mexicans led by Pancho Villa attacked and killed several Americans in retalliation

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. They were stirring up some trouble, and by that I mean they started a war by attacking France through Belgium

Allies

Opposition the Central Powers. Primarily France, Britain, and Russia, later joined by Japan, Italy, and America.

U-boats

German submarines that patrolled the Pacific Ocean sinking ships left, right, and center. Sank over 90 ships in the first few months of the war.

Lusitania

British passenger liner that was sunk by German U-boats. The Germans justified it with the fact that there was ammunition aboard, however British and Americans alike were outraged.

Zimmerman Note

German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a secret telegram to the Mexicans proposing an alliance against America, but it was easily intercepted. Led to America declaring war on Germany in April 1917.

Fourteen Points

A proposed plan by Woodrow Wilson for worldwide peace. The framework for an organization of countries working toward peace. Largely called for self-determination and better relations between nations.

Committee on Public Information

Headed by George Creel. Primary purpose of gaining American popular support for the war.

Espionage Act

Prosecution against spies within America, sparked fear of such espionage. Also spawned censorship of the Press

Schenck v. United States

Ruled that censorship of the press was constitutional when it presented a "clear and present danger"

War Industries Board

Wilson appointed a board to make financial wartime decisions. Set a precedent for the government to lead in times of financial crisis. Headed by Bernard Baruch

Industrial Workers of the World

Antiwar laborers also known as the "Wobblies". Organized massive strikes and mechanic sabotage. Strikes were dealt with in various ways, including bringing in African American "strikebreakers"

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs. Causes for migration included decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, and the strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better standards of life for some blacks.

Nineteenth Amendment

1920, Gave American women the right to vote. Endorsed by President Wilson following the work of women in World War I

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

(1921) Designed to appeal to new women voters, this act provided federally financed instruction in maternal and infant health care and expanded the role of government in family welfare.

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals. They began arriving in France in the summer of 1917.

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

The first significant engagement of American troops in World War I—and, indeed, in any European war. To weary French soldiers, the American doughboys were an image of fresh and gleaming youth.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

Also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front. The whole offensive was planned by Marshall Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and ultimately force the opposing German forces to surrender;

League of Nations

A coalition of Nations proposed by Wilson to promote and strive for world peace.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans however tremendous opposition in America caused it to be voted down in America entirely, gaining nothing.

Irreconcilables

People that fought against the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles within America