Energy Flow & Climate Change 2025

SEM 1 Science Exam Revision

earths 4 spheres

biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere atmosphere

biosphere

all living organisms on earth

hydrosphere

all water on earth

lithosphere

rigid outermost layer of the earth, all land on earth

atmosphere

a layer of gases surrounding and protecting the earth

biotic factors

living components of that influence organisms in an ecosystem

abiotic factors

non-living components that influence organisms in an ecosystem

human factors influencing climate change

deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, agricultural practices

greenhouse effect

rising heat in the atmosphere due to the presence of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.

enhanced greenhouse effect

Rising global temperatures due to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities

carbon cycle

water cycle

photosynthesis (word equation)

carbon dioxide + water = (sunlight, chlorophyll) glucose + oxygen

cellular respiration (word equation)

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy