unit 1-4 comprehensive exam review

What are the four main tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Key characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Avascular, regenerates quickly

Which tissue derives from mesenchyme?

Connective tissue

Which cells conduct impulses and cannot regenerate?

Neurons

Which tissue contracts?

Muscle tissue

Membranes that line open cavities?

Mucous membranes

Membranes that line closed cavities?

Serous membranes

Membranes that line joints?

Synovial membranes

Which transport requires ATP?

Active transport

Which transport uses carrier proteins?

Facilitated transport

Where does water move in osmosis?

Higher solute concentration

What solution causes no water movement?

Isotonic

Which systems maintain homeostasis?

Nervous and endocrine

Oxytocin during childbirth is what?

Positive feedback

Which ion is higher inside a resting neuron?

Potassium (K+)

What opens voltage-gated channels?

Change in voltage

What increases impulse speed?

Myelin

Respiratory epithelium type?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Kidney tubule epithelium?

Simple cuboidal

Weight-bearing vertebrae?

Lumbar vertebrae

Carpals are what type of bone?

Short bones

Movement making a cone shape?

Circumduction

Muscle for hip abduction?

Gluteus medius

Contractile unit of muscle?

Sarcomere

Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine

Skin layer causing fingerprints?

Papillary layer

Where does skin mitosis occur?

Stratum basale

Gland for temperature regulation?

Sweat gland

How many anterior pituitary hormones?

6

Hormone for long-term stress?

Cortisol

Hormone that raises blood glucose?

Glucagon

Hormone that lowers sodium?

ANF

Rest-and-digest system?

Parasympathetic

Fight-or-flight system?

Sympathetic

Structure for hearing?

Cochlea

Structure for balance?

Semicircular canals

Nerve for vision?

Optic nerve (II)

Receptors for pain?

Nociceptors

Taste and smell respond to?

Chemicals

Cells that carry oxygen?

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Protein that carries oxygen?

Hemoglobin

Cells involved in clotting?

Platelets

Most abundant WBC?

Neutrophils

WBC for allergies/parasites?

Eosinophils

WBC releasing histamine?

Basophils

Normal hematocrit?

46%

Right AV valve?

Tricuspid valve

Left AV valve?

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Heart contraction phase?

Systole

Heart filling phase?

Diastole

Right ventricle sends blood where?

Lungs (pulmonary circuit)

Left ventricle sends blood where?

Body (systemic circuit)

Muscle layer of the heart?

Myocardium

Vessels carrying blood away from heart?

Arteries

Vessels carrying blood to heart?

Veins

What decreases resistance?

Vasodilation

Lymph filters are called?

Lymph nodes

Where do T cells mature?

Thymus

How does lymph enter lymphatic capillaries?

Through openings in closed-ended vessels