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Isolation
Extract the gene of interest and a plasmid from bacterial cells
Cutting dna
use restriciton enzymes to cut the gene and plasmid at specific recognition sites creating sticky or blunt ends
ligation
join the gene and plasmid using dna ligase forming a recombinant plasmid
transformation
introduce the plasmid into the host cell through heat shock or electrophorchion
selection
identify successful transformation using selectibe markers
cloning and expressions
the host cells replicate passing the recombinant plasmid along potentially expressing desired protein