cognitive and observational learning

What did behaviorists used to think about learning?

They thought that learning needs reward (reinforcement) to occur. This is false, behavior isn't just built by action/consequence, you can learn other ways

What is latent learning?

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. So, it is learning without reinforcement that is shown once a reinforcer is available.

What is cognitive learning?

Learning through observation and information processing, rather than by direct experience.

What is learned helplessness?

Expectation that behavior won't work causes passivity - the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

How can your thoughts impact classical conditioning?

Someone who bites their nails might use bad tasting nail polish to make them sick when they do it, but since they know that its just the specific nail polish making them sick, them knowing this might prevent them from conditioning themselves to not bite nails

What is modeling? (observational learning)

Learning by observing and imitating others' behaviors/actions

Who is Albert Bandura?

"The Pavlov of observational learning"

- believes most human behavior is acquired through observational learning

- famous for bobo doll study

What is vicarious learning?

Learning indirectly through others' actions

How does vicarious learning work?

Our behaviors are modified by observing others' actions and the consequences/rewards they gained for doing them

What is vicarious reinforcement?

When a person's behavior is shaped based on consequences they observe happening to other people

What is vicarious punishment?

When a person's behavior is shaped based on consequences they observe happening to other people

What are prosocial effects?

Observing prosocial (helpful, positive) behavior of others can model the viewers behavior to have prosocial effects

What are antisocial effects?

Observing antisocial (negative, harmful) behavior can model the viewers behavior to be prosocial (domestic violence, aggression, etc.)