TISSUES - ALL

Histology

Microscopic study of tissue structure.

Pathology

Study of tissue changes due to disease.

Differentiation

Process of cells becoming specialized.

Ectoderm

Germ layer forming skin, hair, nails, nervous system.

Mesoderm

Germ layer forming muscles, bones, blood, kidneys, heart.

Endoderm

Germ layer forming digestive & respiratory linings, liver, pancreas.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Single layer of flat epithelial cells.

Diffusion & Filtration

Function of simple squamous epithelium.

Alveoli, Capillaries

Location of simple squamous epithelium.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Single layer of cube-shaped epithelial cells.

Secretion & Absorption

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Kidney Tubules, Glands

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Single layer of tall epithelial cells, sometimes with cilia or microvilli.

Absorption & Secretion

Function of simple columnar epithelium.

Digestive Tract, Gallbladder, Uterine Tubes

Location of simple columnar epithelium.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of flat epithelial cells.

Protection against abrasion

Function of stratified squamous epithelium.

Skin, Mouth, Esophagus

Location of stratified squamous epithelium.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Multiple layers of cube-shaped epithelial cells.

Protection, Strengthening ducts

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium.

Sweat & Salivary Glands

Location of stratified cuboidal epithelium.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Multiple layers of tall epithelial cells.

Protection, Secretion

Function of stratified columnar epithelium.

Male Urethra, Conjunctiva

Location of stratified columnar epithelium.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Epithelium appearing stratified but with all cells attached to basement membrane.

Mucus Secretion & Protection

Function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Trachea, Respiratory Tract

Location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Transitional Epithelium

Epithelium able to stretch and change shape.

Distension (stretching)

Function of transitional epithelium.

Urinary Bladder, Ureters

Location of transitional epithelium.

Tight Junction

Junction that seals adjacent epithelial cells tightly.

Desmosome

Junction that provides strong, flexible connections.

Gap Junction

Junction that allows passage of ions/molecules between cells.

Areolar Tissue

Loose connective tissue with fibroblasts and elastic fibers.

Support, Cushioning

Function of areolar tissue.

Beneath Epithelia, Around Capillaries

Location of areolar tissue.

Adipose Tissue

Connective tissue of closely packed fat cells.

Energy Storage, Insulation, Cushioning

Function of adipose tissue.

Hypodermis, Around Kidneys & Eyes

Location of adipose tissue.

Reticular Tissue

Connective tissue with reticular fibers forming supportive framework.

Support for lymphoid organs

Function of reticular tissue.

Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Bone Marrow

Location of reticular tissue.

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue with parallel collagen fibers.

Tensile Strength

Function of dense regular connective tissue.

Tendons, Ligaments

Location of dense regular connective tissue.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue with irregular collagen arrangement.

Multidirectional Strength

Function of dense irregular connective tissue.

Dermis, Joint Capsules

Location of dense irregular connective tissue.

Elastic Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue rich in elastic fibers.

Stretch & Recoil

Function of elastic connective tissue.

Aorta, Vocal Cords, Lungs

Location of elastic connective tissue.

Hyaline Cartilage

Cartilage with clear, glassy matrix.

Smooth Surfaces, Flexibility

Function of hyaline cartilage.

Nose, Trachea, Ends of Long Bones

Location of hyaline cartilage.

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage with thick bundles of collagen.

Shock Absorption, Strength

Function of fibrocartilage.

Intervertebral Discs, Pubic Symphysis, Menisci

Location of fibrocartilage.

Elastic Cartilage

Cartilage rich in elastic fibers.

Flexibility, Shape Maintenance

Function of elastic cartilage.

External Ear, Epiglottis

Location of elastic cartilage.

Compact Bone

Dense bone organized into osteons.

Support, Protection

Function of compact bone.

Diaphysis of Long Bones

Location of compact bone.

Cancellous (Spongy) Bone

Spongy bone with trabeculae and marrow cavities.

Red Blood Cell Production

Function of spongy bone.

Epiphysis of Long Bones, Flat Bones

Location of spongy bone.

Blood

Connective tissue with liquid extracellular matrix.

Transport of Gases, Nutrients, Waste

Function of blood.

Blood Vessels

Location of blood.

Hemopoietic Tissue

Tissue responsible for forming blood cells.

Blood Cell Formation

Function of hemopoietic tissue.

Bone Marrow

Location of hemopoietic tissue.

Skeletal Muscle

Striated, voluntary muscle tissue.

Movement, Heat

Function of skeletal muscle.

Attached to Bones

Location of skeletal muscle.

Cardiac Muscle

Striated, involuntary muscle with intercalated discs.

Pumping Blood

Function of cardiac muscle.

Heart Wall

Location of cardiac muscle.

Smooth Muscle

Non-striated, involuntary muscle tissue.

Peristalsis, Diameter Regulation

Function of smooth muscle.

Digestive Tract, Blood Vessels, Bladder

Location of smooth muscle.

Neuron

Cell conducting electrical impulses.

Signal Transmission

Function of neurons.

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves

Location of neurons.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of nervous tissue.

Support, Protection, Nourishment

Function of neuroglia.

CNS & PNS

Location of neuroglia.

Schwann Cells

Neuroglia forming myelin in PNS.

Oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia forming myelin in CNS.

Microglia

Neuroglia acting as immune defense in CNS.

Ependymal Cells

Neuroglia lining ventricles and spinal canal.