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Stomadeum or Stomatodeum
primitive oral cavity. big cavity in between the heart bulge and the frontal process, which is connected to the primitive gut or the future gastrointestinal tract
Buccopharyngeal Membrane
bilaminar structure consisting of apposed ectoderm and endoderm, separates the stomatodeum from the foregut (the front portion of the GI tract)
Buccopharyngeal Membrane
this soon breaks down so that the stomatodeum communicates directly with the foregut
Rathke’s Pouch
ectodermal depression on the roof of the oral groove in front of the attachment of buccopharyngeal membrane which will be the future anterior pituitary gland
Week 4
A lot of cell differentiation from the three germ layers
happen at this stage; infoldings appear wherein the head (cranial/cephalic), tail (caudal), lateral portion of the embryo forms a curved shape.
Spinal Cord
Posterior part of embryo turns into?
Frontal Prominence
Other term for FRONTAL PROCESS
Cardiac Bulge
Other term for Heart Bulge
Pharyngeal Arch or Branchial Arch
total of 6 bulges but the 5th pharyngeal arch disintegrates immediately,
leaving no cleft or pouch to mark it
Pharyngeal Pouch
depression of arch to midline
Pharyngeal Cleft/Groove
depression of arch on lateral arch
6 arches
How many arches are there?
V
What arch dissolves immediately that leaves no cleft or pouch to mark it? (Roman Number)
CN V and Meckel’s cartilage, muscles of mastication, ant. 2/3 of tongue
CN & Organs involve in 1st Pharyngeal Arch
CN VII & Reichert’s cartilage, muscles of facial expression, post. 1/3 of tongue
CN & Organs involve in 2nd Pharyngeal Arch
CN IX & Greater cornu and body of hyoid, post. 1/3 of tongue
CN & Organs involve in 3rd Pharyngeal Arch
CN X & Pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles and cartilages
CN & Organs involve in 4th Pharyngeal Arch
CN X & Laryngeal muscles
CN & Organs involve in 6th Pharyngeal Arch
Middle ear, Auditory tube, Tympanic membrane
Organs involve in 1st Pharyngeal Pouch
Palatine tonsil, Lymphatic nodule
Organs involve in 2nd Pharyngeal Pouch
Thymus, Inferior parathyroid gland
Organs involve in 3rd Pharyngeal Pouch
Superior parathyroid gland, ultimobranchial body
Organs involve in 4th Pharyngeal Pouch
External Auditory Meatus
Organs involve in 1st Pharyngeal Cleft
Cervical Sinus
Organs involve in 2-4 Pharyngeal Pouch
1st, 2nd, 3rd branchial arches
Plays an important role in the development of the face, mouth, and tongue
Mandibular Arch
What is the 1st pharyngeal arch
Maxillary Process and Mandibular Process
2 processes of Mandibular Arch
Maxillary Process
lateral boundary. derivative of the sides of the upper lip, mid face, cheeks, secondary palate (palatine process), maxilla
Mandibular Process
ventral boundary. derivative of the lower lip, lower part of the face, mandible
Frontonasal Process
frontal process combines with the nasal part of the embryo forming?
Frontonasal Process
region of frontal prominence that will develop into the upper face and the nose
about 4 weeks of gestation and completes at around 6th week of life
When does tongue beings and completes to develop
Tuberculum Impar
What do you call to the swelling that arises in midline of mandibular process and flanked by two other bulges
Lateral Lingual Swellings
What are the two other bulges that flanked the swelling (tuberculum impar)?
Anterior 2/3 of tongue
Tuberculum Impar and Lateral lingual swellings quickly enlarge and merge with each other which then forms a large mass from which the mucous membrane
mesenchyme of 2nd, 3rd, and fourth arches
root of the tongue arises from a large midline swelling developed from the
Copula or Hypobrachial Eminence
associated with the second, third, and fourth arches
Epiglottal Eminence
Posterior part of the fourth arch
Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue
Lateral Lingual Swellings + Tuberculum Impar (1st Pharyngeal Arch)
Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
2nd and 3rd Pharyngeal Arch + Copula
Thyroid Gland
depression in between Tuberculum Impar + Copula, then descends to where the thyroid is positioned in the human body (lateral region of the neck)
Thyroglossal Duct
duct that forms or connects the tongue and the thyroid gland
Sulcus Terminalis or Terminal Sulcus
the demarcation that separates the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Foramen Cecum and Sulcus Terminalis
2 structure that Thyroglossal Duct forms
Week 4
The heart or cardiac bulge is now developing on the front of the embryo, beneath the head, and is pushed down into the chest as the pharyngeal arches develop. What week
Placodes
Localized thickenings develop within the ectoderm of the
frontal prominence, just above the opening of the stomatodeum
Placodes
Earliest signs of sense organs (lens placodes and olfactory placodes or nasal placodes)
Lens Placodes
future lens of the eyes
Olfactory Placodes or Nasal Placodes
future nostrils
Nasolacrimal Groove and Bucconasal Groove
maxillary process approaches the lateral and medial nasal processes but remains separated from them by distinct grooves
Middle Portion of the Upper lip and Philtrum
medial nasal process is displaced toward the midline, where it merges with its anatomic counterpart from the opposite side. This two structure are formed by the Globular process which is the enlarged caudal end of the MNP
Globular Process
Enlarged caudal end of the Medial Nasal Process
Maxillary process and lateral aspect of medial nasal process
What are the two structure that fuse causing the bucconasal groove to obliterate?
Lateral aspects of the upper lip
Result of obliteration of the bucconasal groove
Lower Lip
formed by anterior external fold of the mandibular processes
Oral Vestibule
Vestibular Lamina forms the
Week 6
What week do the eyes move in front, ears move to the side of the head (which is originally found on the neck region)?
6th week and 7th week
development of the palate starts at this week and continues onto what week
Primary Palate or Intermaxillary Segment
Result of merging of the two medial nasal processes
Primary Palate or Intermaxillary Segment
houses the premaxilla or everything anterior to the incisive foramen which are the four upper incisors and the incisive foramen.
Four upper incisors, incisive foremen and premaxilla
What does Primary palate (intermaxillary segment) houses?
Palatine Shelves
— are forming from the maxillary processes and are directed downward on
each side of the developing tongue
Week 7
What week do palatine shelves starts to form?
Week 8
What week does tongue has been depressed, and the palatine shelves are elevated but not fused?
8 weeks of gestation
fusion of the shelves and the nasal septum is completed at
Nasal Placode
It initiates the formation of the middle of the face by forming a horseshoe-shaped ridge
Nasal Pit
Nasal Placodes converts into?
Lateral Nasal Process and Medial Nasal Process
2 processes of Nasal Pit
Lateral Nasal Process
lateral arm of the horseshoe
forms the ala of the nose and infraorbital region
Medial Nasal Process
medial arm of the horseshoe
eventually fuses to form the nose bridge, tip of the nose, and medial nasal septum
Cleft Palate
MNP & MxP failed to fuse results to
Hyoid Arch
2nd Pharyngeal Arch
Sphenomandibulsr ligament (TMJ) & Auditory Osscles
Meckel’s Cartilage
Malleus and Incus
Auditory Ossicles under Merkel’s Cartilage
Stapes
Reichert’s Cartilage