Romanticism and Early Social Movements

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the Romantic era, early social movements, and significant figures, providing a study tool for students to grasp important terms and ideas.

Romanticism

An artistic and intellectual movement from 1750-1900 emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism.

Byronic Hero

A character archetype exemplified by Lord Byron, marked by brooding, romantic, and rebellious traits.

Natural Goodness

The Romantic belief that humans are inherently good and that society often corrupts this nature.

Eugene Delacroix

A French Romantic artist known for his dramatic and colorful paintings, blending Classicism and Romanticism.

Frankenstein

A novel written by Mary Shelley, often considered the first science fiction work, exploring themes of creation and humanity.

William Wordsworth

A central figure in Romanticism who emphasized the beauty of nature and the importance of childhood.

Caspar David Friedrich

A pivotal German Romantic landscape painter known for his emotional works and innovative approaches to landscape imagery.

George Hegel

A philosopher known for his dialectic method and contributions to absolute idealism.

Johann Herder

Prussian philosopher and leader of the Sturm und Drang movement, advocating for the value of folk culture and language.

St. Simonism

A political ideology that promotes social organization based on scientific principles for the betterment of human conditions.

Chartism

Britain's first large-scale working-class movement demanding political rights and social reforms in the 19th century.

Marxism

A socio-economic theory critiquing capitalism and advocating for a classless society led by the proletariat.

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham that suggests actions should maximize happiness for the greatest number of people.

Anarchism

A political philosophy that opposes all forms of involuntary, coercive authority, advocating for self-organization and direct action.

Malthusian Trap

The theory proposing that unchecked population growth will lead to famine, disease, and conflict.

Fourierism

An early socialist movement founded by Charles Fourier, advocating for organized cooperative societies and gender equality.