13.4 Isomerism

Structural isomerism
> compounds w/ same m__ formula but diff s__ formula
> 3 types: c__, p__, f__ g__

mol, stru, chain, positional, functional group

Chain isomerism
> same m__ formula, but longest HC c__ isnt the same (branching)

mol, chain

Positional isomerism
> f__ g__ in diff p__

func group, position

Functional group isomerism
> diff f__ groups, same mol formula
> has d__ c__ props bc diff f__ group

func, diff chem, func

Stereoisomerism
> same atoms connected, w/ d__ arr
> 2 types: G__ (C__/T__) ;; O__

diff, geometrical, cis, trans, optical

Geometrical (Cis/Trans) Isomerism
Ø  In u__ (w/ = bonds) or c__ compounds ;; no f__ rotation bc of __ bonds (from = bond)
Ø  Cis: func. groups on s__ side ;; trans: func. groups on o__ sides
Ø  Has d__ p__ props., some diff. c__ props e.g. RoR (chem.) or m.p./b.p. (phys)

unsaturated, cyclical, free, pi, same, opp, diff phys, chem

Optical Isomerism
Ø  C atom bonded to _ diff. atoms/groups of atoms
Ø  This C is asymmetric & is the c__ centre ;; this makes 2 optical isomers (enantiomers)
Ø  These are mirrors & can’t be s__ (placed on top of each other and look the same)

4, chiral, superimposed