Abdominal Pelvic Viscera

What is Peritomeum

a serous membrane that is smooth

What are the two parts of the peritoneum

Parietal and Visceral

What do the Peritoneal folds do?

hold the viscera in position

True or false: Organs usually completely fill the peritoneal cavity.

True

What is intraperitoneal abdominal viscera?

contained within the peritoneum

What is the retroperitoneal abdominal viscera?

structures not suspended in abdominal cavity; between the abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum

Where does the esophagus emerge through the diaphram at?

T-10 (esophageal hiatus)

Where does the stomach lie between and in what quadrant

between the esophagus and small intestine; in LUQ

What is the function of the stomach

secretes enzymes for breaking down food

What is the longest part of the GI tract?

Small intestine

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

What is the function of the small intestine?

completes digestion and absorption of most products

What shape is the Duodenum and what quadrant is it in?

C-shaped; RUQ

Where is the Jejunum found?

LUQ

Where is the Ileum found?

RLQ

Where does the large intestine stem from

ileocecal fold to rectum

What is the function of the large intestine

absorbs salt and fluid from GI contents forming fecal material

What does the large intestine consist of

cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal

What is the cecum continuous with

ascending colon

What quadrant is the cecum in

RLQ

What is McBurney’s point?

The appendix from ASIS to the Belly button

What are the parts of the colon?

ascending, transverse, descending colon, sigmoid colon

What is the terminal part of the large intestine?

anal canal

What is the rectum surrounded by

external and internal anal sphincters

Where is the liver located?

RUQ

Which lobe of the liver is the largest?

right lobe

What are the functions of the liver?

detoxification, Bile production, metabolism of carbohydrates, phagocytosis, storage of vitamins and minerals, synthesize vitamin D

function of the gall bladder

recieves, stores, and concentrates bile from the liver

What is bile involved in

fat emulsification

What is the function of the pancreas

endocrine and exocrine secretions, produces enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and protiens, regulates blood sugar by insulin

Where do the splenic vessels enter and leave the spleen?

hilum

What is the function of the spleen

site of hematopoiesis, filters blood, destroys old erythrocytes, stores platelets and RBC, important in fighting infections

What is the function of the kidneys

water and ion balance, regulate pH of blood, remove metabolic waster from blood and execrete in urine, remove foreign chemicals, reabsorb nutrients, control blood pressure, control blood volume

Where are the suprarenal glands?

superior pole of each kidney

What are the functions of the suprarenal glands

essential to homeostasis and critical to dealing with stress, endocrine organ, adrenaline and cortisol

what is the function of the ureters

transport urine from kidney to bladder, where kidney stones usually lodge

What is the most anterior of pelvic viscera

urinary bladder

What is the function of the urethra

conducts the urine from the bladder to the exterior

Where does the female urethra lie

anterior to the vagina

What do the female reproductive organs consist of

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

What are the male reproductive organs

testes, vas deferens, prostate

The abdominal aorta enters the abdomen through the aortic hiatus at T12 and descends _____ to vertebral bodies.

anterior

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into at L4

right common iliac artery and left common iliac artery

What do the common iliac arteries divide into

internal iliac artery (supplies pelvic region) External iliac artery (becomes femoral artery below inguinal ligament)

What are the anterior branches of the abdominal aorta?

Celiac trunk (foregut), superior mesenteric artery(midgut), inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)

Where does almost all the venous drainage go to?

portal vein

What is the inferior vena cava formed by?

2 commom iliac veins

Where does the GI tract get its innervation from?

enteric nervous system

What direction do afferent fibers go?

toward the brain (sensory)

What direction do efferent fibers go?

to muscles (motor)

The sympathetics to organs can arise from spinal cord segments ____ to ____ and go to the sympathetic trunk.

T1 and L2

What is the bundle of nerves that is along the abdominal aorta and its branches?

ganglia

What does the vagus nerve supply after it enters the abdominal cavity?

parasympathetics to the foregut and midgut

What is the pudendal block used for sometimes?

childbirth

The superior hypogastric plexus gives rise to left and right ________ ______ which enter the pelvis and innervate the pelvic organs.

hypogastric nerves.