tests for anions

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4 Terms

1
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CO₃²⁻

  • add dilute acid (any acid)

  • effervescence. CO₂ evolved formed a white ppt with limewater (Ca(OH)₂)

  • CO₂ (g) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq) —> CaCO₃ (s)

2
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SO₄²-

  • add dilute nitric acid followed by aqueous barium nitrate

OR

  • add a dilute hydrochloric acid followed by aqueous barium chloride

  • white ppt formed

  • Ba2+ (aq) + SO₄²- (aq) —>BaSO4 (s)

3
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Cl- or I-

  • add dilute nitric acid or aqueous silver nitrate

  • white ppt formed

  • Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) —> AgCl (s)

OR

  • yellow ppt formed

  • Ag+ (aq) + I- (aq) —> AgI (s)

4
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NO3-

  • add aqueous sodium hydroxide followed by aluminium/zinc foil and warm

  • effervescence. NH3 gas evolved, turns moist red litmus paper blue