APUSH Unit 6 Key Terms

Anti-Imperialist League

Argued against U.S. intervention abroad and self-determination of independent nations

Antiquities Act

Authorized the President to protect significant natural and cultural monuments

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreign Chinese revolt of 1900 that brought military intervention by Western troops, including Americans

Dollar Diplomacy

Under President Taft the government attempted to encourage American investments abroad to uphold U.S. foreign policy

Foraker Act

Declared Puerto Rico an insular territory with a limited degree of popular government

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Informal agreement that would not allow further emigration of Japanese to the U.S. and ended Japanese segregation in San Francisco public schools

History of the Standard Oil Company

Work by Ida Tarbell that documented abuse of power by a 19th Century trust company

How the Other Half Lives

Photojournalist Jacob Riis’s documentation of the appalling living conditions in the lower east side of New York City

Influence of Sea Power Upon History

Admiral Mahan's influential book emphasizing sea power and advocating a big navy

Insular Cases

1901 ruling that the U.S. Constitution does not automatically apply in colonial territories under the American flag

The Jungle

Novel by Upton Sinclair that inspired pro-consumer federal laws regulating meat, food, drugs

Liliuokalani

Last monarch of Hawaii who defied the U.S. government and was overthrown as a result

Muckrakers

Journalists who used publicity to expose corruption in government and buine so and to attack urban social problems

Open Door Notes

John Hay’s diplomatic efforts to maintain American access to China

Panama Canal

Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, allowed the U.S. to tie its empire together

Philippine Insurrection

Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, this was a struggle for independence from U.S. control

Platt Amendment

Limited Cuba’s treaty-making abilities, controlled its debt, and stipulated that the U.S. could intervene militarily in Cuba

Progressivism

Period of widespread social activism and political reform across the U.S.

Roosevelt Corollary

Declared an American right to intervene in Latin American nations (demonstrates Big Stick Diplomacy)

Southern Horrors

Authored by Ida B. Wells to expose lynching

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program calling for conservation, consumer protection, and control of corporations

Teller Amendment

Proclamation that once the U.S. overthrew Spanish misrule, it would give Cuba its freedom

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Under this agreement the U.S. acquired Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam

Treaty of Portsmouth

Organized by Theodore Roosevelt to mediate a conclusion to the Russo-Japanese War

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

New York City disaster that underscored urban workers' need for government protection

14 Points

Wilson's idealistic statement of American war aims in January 1918 that inspired the Allies

16th Amendment

Gives Congress the power to collect income taxes

17th Amendment

Senators shall be elected by popular vote

18th Amendment

Forbids the manufacture or sale of alcohol (prohibition)

Clayton Antitrust Act

Reform law that strengthened a previous law to limit business monopolies

Committee on Public Information

American government propaganda agency that aroused zeal for Wilson's ideals and whipped up hatred for Germany

Conscription Act

Legislation that required the registration of all males between the ages of 18 and 45

Espionage and Sedition Act

Denied civil liberties to many Americans during WWI—especially those suspected of disloyalty

Federal Reserve Board

A twelve-member agency appointed by the president to oversee the banking system under a new federal law of 1913

Food and Fuel Administration

Used "wheatless Wednesdays," "victory gardens," "lightless nights" and "gasless Sundays" to encourage voluntary compliance rather than mandatory rationing

Federal Trade Comission

New regulatory commission designed to prevent monopoly and guard against unethical trade practices

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban north and west

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Radical antiwar labor union whose members were prosecuted under the Espionage and Sedition Acts

Irreconcilables

Isolationist senators who bitterly opposed the League of Nations

League of Nations

Wilson’s proposed international body that constituted the key provision of the Versailles Treaty

Lusitania

Passenger ship whose sinking in 1916 challenged American neutrality

Moral Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy to support countries with democratic governments

NAWSA

Formed in 1890, this organization demanded the vote for women

National Women’s Party

Led by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, this organization pioneered civil disobedience in demand of the 19th Amendment

”Pancho” Villa

Angry over U.S. policy in Mexico, he retaliated by attacking the U.S. in Columbus, New Mexico

Schenck v. U.S.

Supreme Court decision stating freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation

Socialist Party of America

Led by Eugene V. Debs, it drew support from unions, progressives, populists and immigrants

Sussex Pledge

Germany’s agreement in 1916 not to sink passenger and merchant vessels without warning

War Industries Board

Federal agency designed to organize and coordinate U.S. industrial production for the war effort

Zimmerman Telegram

Message that proposed a German alliance with Mexico and encourages Mexico to go to war against the U.S.