roentgenology identification

Enamel

appears more radiopaque than other tissues. it is 96% inorganic and 4% organic

Dentin

70% inorganic, 30% organic. less radiopaque than enamel

Cementum

45-50% inorganic, 50-55% organic

Pulp

it is composed of soft tissues and appears radiolucent

Cervical Burnout

Radiographs sometimes show diffuse radiolucent areas with defined borders present on the mesial or distal aspects of the teeth in the cervical region

Lamina Dura

a thin radiopaque layer of dense bone surrounding the tooth socket. it is wider and more dense in teeth of heavy occlusion

Alveolar Crest

radiopaque structure found in between the teeth

considered normal if it is 1.5mm or LESS from the CEJ

PDL Space

RL space between root and lamina dura. it is an area where the periodontal ligaments are located.

Composed of collagen so it is radiolucent

Cancellous Bone

also called the trabecular bone or the spongiosa

lies between the cortical plates in both jaws

Intermaxillary Suture

Also called median palatine suture

it appears as a thin radiolucent line in the midline between the two portions of premaxilla

Median Palatine Suture

Other term of intermaxillary suture?

Anterior Nasal Spine

It is in the midline. about 1.5-2cm above the alveolar crest, or below the junction of the inf. end of nasal septum and inf. outline of the nasal fossa.

Appears as an inverted radiopaque traingle

Floor of the Nasal Cavity

Appears as a thin straight radiopaque line

Nasal Septum

it appears as a radiopaque band going superior from the floor of the nasal cavity. it is on the midline

Inferior Nasal Concha

It appears round to ovoid radiopaque mass superior to the floor of the nasal cavity

Nasopalatine Foramen

also called incisive or anterior palatine foramen.

It transmits the nasopalatine vessels and nerves

Nasopalatine Foramen

appears as a round to ovoid radiolucent area between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

Nasopalatine Canal

Originates at two foramina in floor of the nasal cavity. It can be recognized as two radiolucent areas above the apices of central incisors

Lateral Fossa

Also called incisive fossa

appears as depression in the maxilla near the apex of the lateral incisor

Nasolacrimal Canal

It runs from the medial aspect of the antero inferior border of the orbit, to drain under the inferior conchae into the nasal cavity

Soft Tissue Outline of Nose

Appears as a radiopaque area superimposed over the maxillary anterior teeth. The tip of the nose is seen over the maxillary central incisors. The ala of the nose is seen over the lateral incisors

Maxillary Sinus

An air containing cavity lined by mucous membrane.

Extends from the distal aspect of the canines to the posterior wall of the maxilla above the tuberosity

Pneumatized Maxillary Sinus

In response to the loss of function (associated with loss of posterior teeth) the sinus may expand further into the alveolar bone, occasionally extending to the alveolar ridge

Y Line of Ennis

is not a true anatomical landmark but seen only on radiographs due to superimposition of the floor of the nasal cavity (straight radiopaque line) and the border of the maxillary sinus (curved radiopaque line).

Maxillary Tuberosity

Rounded eminence especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth

Hamulus

The medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid curves laterally at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus, around which the tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides.

Coronoid Process

Frequently apparent on periapical film of the maxillary molars region

Mental Ridge

Also known as mental triangle

It appears as two oblique thick radiopaque bands that meet in the midline giving it the appearance of an inverted V or triangle shape. This is more commonly seen when an increased negative vertical angle is used.

Mental Fossa

Located above the mental ridge

Lingual Foramen

appears as a small radiolucent circle directly inferior to the central incisors.

Nutrient Canals

Also known as vascular canals

Canals containing blood vessels coursing throughout the maxilla and mandible. They are very small and more commonly seen in areas of thin bone (hence the anterior mandible)

Mental Foramen

Located on the external surface of the mandible as an opening in the region of the mandibular premolars.

External Oblique Ridge

A continuation of the ant. border of ramus.

Mylohyoid Ridge

Linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible

Mandibular Canal

A tube-like passage extending from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and contains the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels

Canals

radiolucent line or band, may or may not have radiopaque/corticated edge(s)

Submandibular Gland Fossa

Depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible

+40

Bisecing angle projection of MAXILLA: INCISORS

+45

Bisecing angle projection of MAXILLA: CANINES

+30

Bisecing angle projection of MAXILLA: PREMOLARS

+20

Bisecing angle projection of MAXILLA: MOLARS

-15

Bisecing angle projection of MANDIBLE: INCISORS

-20

Bisecing angle projection of MANDIBLE: CANINES

-10

Bisecing angle projection of MANDIBLE: PREMOLARS

-5

Bisecing angle projection of MANDIBLE: MOLARS

antrum of highmore

other term for maxillary sinus