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General causes of the French revolution
Economic Crises, Food shortage, Imbalance in the Estates General, and the Enlightenment
How was the economic crisis a cause of the French revolution?
The economic state caused taxes to be raised tremendously but the 1st and 2nd estate were exempt even though they were rich, and taxes were put on the 3rd estate
How was Food shortage a cause of the French Revolution?
The third estate saw how the famine was not affecting anyone in the 1st and 2nd estates, and it angered the lower classes
How was the imbalance in the estates general a cause of the French Revolution?
Even though the 3rd estate made up 98% of the population they had the least power since the 1st and 2nd estates had similar interests, they would always vote together and the 3rd estate was never represented
which year was the meeting with the estates general held?
the estates general meeting was held in 1789
How was the enlightenment a cause of the French Revolution?
Enlightenment ideals influenced the revolutionaries of the revolution
Which enlightenment ideals influenced the revolution?
ideals that influenced it were individual freedom, representative government, equality before the law, and judicial rights
June 17th 1789?
Members of the 3rd estate declare themselves the National assembly
What happens three days after the National assembly is declared?
The 3rd estate national assembly is locked out of the estates general meeting, and they rush to a nearby tennis court oath because it was raining, to make the Tennis court oath
What exactly was the Tennis court oath
The pledge made by the 3rd estate national assembly to continue meeting until they create a constitution and to never leave the National assembly
Date of the Tennis court oath
June 20th 1789
What is Louis XVI’s response to the National Assembly and Tennis Court Oath
He secretly assembles troops to crush them
What was the response of the 3rd estate after hearing about Louis XVI assembling troops to crush the national assembly?
They brutally stormed the Bastille to arm themselves
July 14th 1789?
The storming of the Bastille
What is Louis XVI’s response to the storming of the bastille
He is forced to recognize the National assembly
What happens down in the countryside after the storming of the Bastille
The Great Fear
What was the great fear?
Rumors of what happened earlier reached peasants in the countryside, and they feared there was an aristocratic conspiracy, so they revolted against their lords and created chaos
What does the National assembly do after the Great Fear
Abolished feudal noblility privelages
August 26th 1789?
The Declaration of the rights of Man and Citizen is published
What was the declaration of the rights of man and citizen
The document that consisted of all the civil rights of people in France
Enlightenment ideals featured in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Ideals in the declaration of the rights of man and citizen were Equality before the law, individual freedom, judicial rights, representative government
October 5th 1789?
Women’s March to Versailles
What was the Women’s march to Versailles?
Thousands of Parisian peasant women march to Versailles and capture the king and queen because they were angry about the famine
What occurred after the Women’s march to Versailles
The king swears to uhold a constitution and constitutional monarchy with the national assembly as lawmakers
Date that Louis XIV swore to a constitutional monarchy
June 1790
What happens when Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette try to flee France
They are caught and sent back to paris
Olympe de Gouge
Women who wrote the Declaration of the rights of Women
What did Olympe de Gouge write the Declaration of the rights of Women in response to?
The new Constitution passed by the National Assembly
When was the Constitution passed by the national assembly?
September 1791
Declaration of Pillnitz
Issued by Prussia and Austria promising to restore the monarch in France
When does France declare war on Austria
April 1792
Why does the King support France declaring war on Austria
He thinks that the French will lose and that he will get back his throne
What was the Brunswick Manifesto
The declaration made by Prussia and Austria that they would destroy Paris if the Royal Family was harmed
What was the immediate effect of the Brunswick Manifesto
It backfired and triggered an attack on the Tuileries palace, and the National Convention was declared
Some ultra royalist nobles emigrate to the ______
Holy Roman Empire
Name two noteworthy Emigres
Count d’Artois, and Count de Provence (later Louis XVIII)
What happens after Leopold II refuses to send the emigres back to France
Legislative assembly declares war against the First Coalition
Who made up the First coalition
Britain, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Holland, Austria
How was the national convention different from the national assembly
The national convention was more radical than the National assembly
What does the national convention do first after it is created
They abolish the Monarch and Declare the French a republic
On which date is France declared a republic?
September 22 1792
Who were the Sans Culottes?
Lower Class Parisian Republican
Jean-Paul Marat
French radical journalist
How did Marat die?
He was stabbed by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist, in his bathtub
Who were the Girondists
Moderate Jacobins who favored keeping the king alive
Who were the “Mountain” people
More radical jacobins who wanted the king dead
Jan 21st 1793?
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed, marking the start of the Reign of Terror
April 1793?
The committee of public safety is made
Who leads the committe of public safety?
Maximillen Robespierre
Who were the Jacobins?
The radical French revolutionaries
What religious place of worship did Robespierre change the Cathedral of Notre Dame into?
The temple of Reason
What did Robespierre establish having to do with the date the French republic was proclaimed
The New Republican Calender
What was different about the new republican calender?
Instead of numbering years based on the birth of Jesus, years were numbered based on the date the French republic was made
Who was in the Second Coalition
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain
______ himself, called for the end of the Reign of terror
Danton
Thermidorian reaction
Robespierre is guillotined after deputies vote to do so and his supporters and other members reestablish their power
When was Robespierre executed?
July 1794
What did the national convention do after Robespierre was executed?
They wrote a new consitiution and created the directory
What was the directory?
5 person executive power which ruled France for 4 years but was ineffective and corrupt
Who steps in to Change the directory in 1799?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What did Napoleon first do to make the government more effective
Made a coup d’etat to replace the directory with a dictatorship
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