Esthetics Exam Study Guide

Standard Esthetics Milady

Clinical Esthetics

Also known as medical esthetics, the integration of surgical procedures and esthetic treatments

Esthetician

also known as aesthetician; a specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of health of skin on the entire body, including the face and neck

Esthetics

also known as aesthetics, from the greek word aesthetikos (meaning perceptible to the senses) a branch of anatomical science that deals with the overall health and well-being of the skin, the largest organ of the human body

henna

A dye obtained from the powdered leaves and shoots of the mignonette tree; used as a reddish hair dye and in temporary design tattooing.

Kosmetikos

Greek word meaning skilled in the use of the cosmetics.

oncology

the study and treatment of cancer and tumors

Anatomy

study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of , how the body parts are organized, and the science of the structure of organisms or their parts

abduction

muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, toe, arm, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abduction separates the fingers.

absorption

the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells

accessory nerve

known as the 11th cranial nerve; a type of motor nerve that controls the neck and the shoulder muscle

adduction

muscles that draw a body part, such as finger, arm, or toe, inward towards the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adduction draw the fingers together.

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

transports chemical energy within the cell for metabolism

adipose tissue

a specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body

adrenal gland

glands that are located at the top of the kidney assisting in the regulation of metabolism, stress response, and blood pressure, and support of immune system health through the generation of specific hormones

aorta

the body’s largest artery, the arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

arteries

thick-walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body

arterioles

small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

auricularis muscles

the three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward

auriculotemporal nerve

affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart

belly

middle part of muscle

biceps

muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the arm

blood

nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

blood vessels

tubelike structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body, include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

body systems

groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The body is composed of 11 major systems.

brain

part of the nervous system contained in the cranium, largest and most complex nerve tissue, controls sensation, muscles, and glandular activity

brain stem

structures that connects the spinal cord to the brain

buccal nerve

affects the muscles of the mouth

buccinator

the thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as when blowing a whistle

capillaries

tiny, thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste material

cardiovascular system

body system consisting of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body

carpus

aka wrist, a flexible joint composed of 8 small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments

cell membrane

part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

cells

basic unit of all living things, performing all the fundamental functions of life

central nervous system (CNS)

cerebrospinal nervous system (brain, spinal cord, spinal nerve, and cranial nerves)

cervical nerves

a branch of the facial nerve that affects the side of the platysma muscle

cervical cutaneous nerve

located at the side of the neck affects the front and side of the neck as far down as the breastbone

cervical vertebrae

the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column located in the neck region

circulatory system

aka cardiovascular system; system that controls the steady circulatory of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessel

clavicle

also known as collarbone, bone joining the sternum and scapula

common carotid arteries

arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck, located on either side of the neck, having an internal and external branch

connective tissue

fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat

corrugator muscle

facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

cranium

oval, bony case that protects the brain

defecation

elimination of feces

deltoid

Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward into the side of the body

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Molecule that carries genetic information in cells.

depressor anguli oris

Facial muscle that depresses the corner of the mouth.

diaphram

Thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, playing a vital role in breathing

digestion

breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means

digestive enzymes

chemicals that change certain kinds of goods into a form that can be used by the body

digestive system

gastrointestinal system, responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste, consisting of the mouth, stomach intestine salivary and gastric glands, and other organs

digital nerve

sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers

digits

aka phalanges, the bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones

ductless glands

aka endocrine glands, glands that release secretion called hormones directly into the bloodstream

eleventh cranial nerve

aka accessory nerve, a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles

endocrine glands

aka ductless glands, release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body

enzymes

a group of complex proteins produced by living cells that act as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body such as digestion

epicranius

aka occipitofrontalis, a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and includes the occipitalis and frontalis

epithelial tissue

protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and lining the heart; digestive and respiratory organs; and glands

ethmoid bone

light spongy bone between the eye socket that forms part of the nasal cavaties

excretory system

Group of organs, including the kidney liver skin, large intestine, and lungs that purify the body by elimination of waste matter

exocrine glands

Aka duct glands produce a substance that travel through small tube like ducts, sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to this group

external jugular vein

Vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head face and neck

facial nerve

It is the chief motor nerve of the face. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck

fifth cranial nerve

Aka trifacial or trigeminal it is the chief sensory nerve of the face. It serves as a motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing it has three branches.

flexion

When muscles move to pull the body part toward the core of the body, such as when the biceps of the arm are activated toward the body

frontalis

Front portion of the epicranius muscle of the scalp that raises the forehead, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead

glabella

The corregator and procerus muscles considered an area or region, such as between eyebrows and or on the frontal bone. Not specifically a muscle or a bone.

glands

An organ that contributes to keeping the body in homeostasis by producing chemical chemicals, including hormones, that are passed directly into the bloodstream because the glands have no duct system to travel through

histology

aka microscopic anatomy, the study of the structure and composition of tissue

hormones

Secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or the body fluid to another part of the body or a body organ to stimulate functional activity or secretion, such as insulin, adrenaline and estrogen

humerus

uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscle

Integumentary system

The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails

interstitial fluid

solution that baths and surrounds the cells and provides the cells with nutrients in a method of removing cell waste, the fluid contains components that are involved in blood clotting, and wound healing

joint

connection between two or more bones of the skeleton

kidneys

One of the organisms that support the excretory system by eliminating water and waste products

lacrimal bones

Smallest, most fragile, thin bones, located in the front inside wall of the orbits (eye sockets)

levator anguli oris

muscle associated with smiling

liver

A gland in the abdominal cavity that secretes enzymes necessary for digestion, synthesize proteins and detoxify the blood. Regulate sugar levels in the blood, and helps with decompression of red blood cells and produce hormone necessary for body functions.

lymphatic /immune system

Vital to the circulatory and immune systems, made up of lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system. The lymphatic and immune systems are closely connected in that they protect the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease, causing microorganisms.

mandible

lower jawbone, largest and strongest bone of the face

mandibular nerve

affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip

masseter

Muscle to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward, sometimes referred to as chewing muscles

melasma

Hyperpigmentation due to hormonal imbalances such as pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy

metacarpus

palm

mitochondria

A cell structure that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell called ATP

muscular system

Body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue, contracts, and moves various parts of the body

nerve tissue

Tissue that controls and coordinates all body functions