Networking Concepts and Data Management

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to networking concepts, data management, database structures, and encryption methods as outlined in the lecture notes.

Open System Interconnection (OSI)

A seven-layer networking framework used to standardize how data is transmitted between systems.

Physical Layer

The first OSI layer that transmits raw bits as electrical, light, or radio signals through physical hardware.

Data Link Layer

The second OSI layer that encodes data into frames and manages error detection, flow control, and network access.

Network Layer

The third OSI layer responsible for routing, addressing, and forwarding packets between networks.

Transport Layer

The fourth OSI layer that ensures reliable, complete, end-to-end data delivery between hosts.

Session Layer

The fifth OSI layer that establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions between applications.

Presentation Layer

The sixth OSI layer that formats, encrypts, and translates data so applications can understand it.

Application Layer

The seventh OSI layer that provides network services directly to end users such as email and file transfer.

Network Topology

The layout of a network that determines how devices are connected and communicate.

Node

Any device on a network that has a unique network address.

Mesh Topology

A network topology where devices are connected with many redundant paths.

Star Topology

A network topology where all devices connect to a central hub.

Bus Topology

A network topology where all devices share a single central backbone cable.

Ring Topology

A network topology where all devices are connected in a closed loop.

Tree Topology

A hybrid topology that combines star and bus topologies for large networks.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure used to solve a problem with a defined stopping point.

Cloud Computing

Delivery of software, platforms, or infrastructure as services over the internet.

Database Management System

Software that interacts with the user, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data.

Data Warehouse

A centralized collection of databases used for analysis and reporting.

Event-Driven Data Warehouse

A data warehouse that processes data based on business events rather than scheduled batches.

Batch Processing

Processing that updates data in groups at scheduled times.

Real-Time Processing

Processing that occurs immediately as data is received.

Information Technology (IT)

The use of computers, software, and networks to process information.

Risk Analysis

The process of identifying assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and prioritizing risks.

Unique Identifier / Primary Key

A field that uniquely identifies each record in a database.

Public Key Encryption

An encryption method that uses a public key to encrypt data and a private key to decrypt it.

Scripting Languages

Interpreted languages such as JavaScript, ASP, JSP, PHP, Perl, Tcl, and Python.

Security Best Practices

Security principles based on what you know, what you have, and what you are.

Business Intelligence

Tools and techniques used to analyze raw data for decision-making.

1. Open System Interconnection (OSI): A seven-layer networking framework used to standardize how data is transmitted between systems.

2. Physical Layer: The first OSI layer that transmits raw bits as electrical, light, or radio signals through physical hardware.

3. Data Link Layer: The second OSI layer that encodes data into frames and manages error detection, flow control, and network access.

4. Network Layer: The third OSI layer responsible for routing, addressing, and forwarding packets between networks.

5. Transport Layer: The fourth OSI layer that ensures reliable, complete, end-to-end data delivery between hosts.

6. Session Layer: The fifth OSI layer that establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions between applications.

7. Presentation Layer: The sixth OSI layer that formats, encrypts, and translates data so applications can understand it.

8. Application Layer: The seventh OSI layer that provides network services directly to end users such as email and file transfer.

9. Network Topology: The layout of a network that determines how devices are connected and communicate.

10. Network: A group of two or more computer systems connected to share data and resources.

11. Topology: The shape or structure of a local-area network or communication system.

12. Node: Any device on a network that has a unique network address.

13. Physical Topology: The actual physical arrangement of devices and cables in a network.

14. Logical Topology: The way data flows through a network regardless of its physical layout.

15. Mesh Topology: A network topology where devices are connected with many redundant paths.

16. Star Topology: A network topology where all devices connect to a central hub.

17. Star Topology – Advantage: Failure of one node does not affect the rest of the network.

18. Star Topology – Disadvantage: Failure of the central hub causes the entire network to fail.

19. Bus Topology: A network topology where all devices share a single central backbone cable.

20. Bus Topology – Advantage: Requires less cabling and is easy to install.

21. Bus Topology – Disadvantage: A break in the main cable shuts down the entire network.

22. Ring Topology: A network topology where all devices are connected in a closed loop.

23. Ring Topology – Advantage: Each node regenerates the signal, allowing the network to span longer distances.

24. Tree Topology: A hybrid topology that combines star and bus topologies for large networks.

25. Tree Topology – Advantage: Divides a large network into smaller, manageable sections.

26. Tree Topology – Disadvantage: Failure of the central hub can cripple the entire network.

27. Full Mesh Topology: A topology where every node connects to every other node for maximum redundancy.

28. Partial Mesh Topology: A topology where only some nodes have multiple connections to reduce cost.

29. Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure used to solve a problem with a defined stopping point.

30. Windows SIM: Windows System Image Manager used to manage and configure multiple disk images.

31. PCMCIA: A hardware interface used to connect networking or peripheral devices to a computer.

32. Application Software: Software designed to perform a specific task for the user.

33. Assembly Language: A low-level programming language that uses words and is close to machine code.

34. Batch-Driven Data Warehouse: A system where data is processed in large groups during non-peak times.

35. Binary Numbering System: A numbering system that represents data using only 0s and 1s.

36. Compiled and Interpreted Languages Are Written In: Binary code used by computers to execute instructions.

37. Broadcast Devices: Network devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and WAPs that send data to multiple destinations.

38. Certificate Authority: An organization that provides authentication and encryption credentials.

39. Circuit Switched: A communication method where a dedicated path exists for the entire session.

40. Cloud Computing: Delivery of software, platforms, or infrastructure as services over the internet.

41. Compiler: A program that translates an entire source code into an executable file.

42. Confidential Risk: Sensitive organizational information that must be kept secret.

43. Controller (MVC): The component that facilitates communication between the model and the view.

44. Database Administrator: A professional responsible for designing and managing database systems.

45. Database Admin Roles: Responsibilities including integration, security, and DBMS procedures.

46. Database Management System Manufacturers: Companies that create DBMS software such as Microsoft Access and SQL systems.

47. Database Organization: The structure of a database including records, fields, and attributes.

48. Database Projection: A query that returns all records but only selected fields.

49. Database Query: A request to retrieve specific data based on given criteria.

50. Database Record: A horizontal row of data in a database table.

51. Database Record Functionality Terms: Operations including insert, delete, update, modify, projection, and join.

52. Data Mart: A subset of a data warehouse designed for specific users or departments.

53. Data Tier: The architecture layer where data is stored, retrieved, and updated.

54. Data Warehouse: A centralized collection of databases used for analysis and reporting.

55. DIKW: A hierarchy representing Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom.

56. DQL: Data Query Language used to retrieve information from a database.

57. Event-Driven Data Warehouse: A data warehouse that processes data based on business events rather than scheduled batches.

58. Extract Data: The process of collecting data from various source systems.

59. Data Warehouse (Collection of Databases): A system that stores data from multiple databases for analysis.

60. Transform Data: The process of converting extracted data into a consistent and usable format.

61. Load Data: The process of storing transformed data into a data warehouse.

62. Fields in SQL: The core SQL clauses Select, From, and Where.

63. Select: An SQL command used to choose which fields appear in query results.

64. From: An SQL clause that specifies the tables being queried.

65. Where: An SQL clause that filters records based on specific conditions.

66. Create Table: An SQL command that creates a new table in a database.

67. Alter Table: An SQL command that modifies an existing table.

68. Drop Table: An SQL command that removes a table from a database.

69. First Generation: The first generation of computers that used vacuum tubes and punch cards.

70. Flat File Database: A database consisting of a single table without relationships.

71. Unique Identifier / Primary Key: A field that uniquely identifies each record in a database.