SOCI1010 Principles of Sociology Exam 3 Flashcards

Flashcards for Sociology Exam 3 Review

What are some factors indicating why marriage looks different today than in the past?

Social media's impact on relationships and privacy, communication difficulties, and entering marriage with more baggage.

What are some positive reasons to get married?

Being in love, having a support system, emotional intimacy, sharing life, legal rights and financial benefits.

What are some negative reasons to get married?

To solve relationship problems, avoid personal issues, family pressure, because others are doing it, or to control someone.

What are the types of U.S. families?

Nuclear, single-parent, extended, blended, and childless.

Describe a Nuclear Family.

A couple and their children (biological or adopted).

Describe a Single-Parent Family.

One parent raising children, often the mother.

Describe an Extended Family.

Two or more adults related by blood or marriage living in the same house.

Describe a Blended Family.

Two families joining together.

Describe a Childless Family.

A husband and wife living together with no kids.

What is an Equalitarian Social System?

A system that emphasizes equality for all individuals, regardless of gender, race, or social status.

What is the most influential form of Homogamy?

Educational homogamy, where individuals partner with someone with a similar level of education.

How does family life differ for African Americans based on social class?

Lower class: Higher rates of single-parent households. Middle class: Lower rates of single parent households. Higher class: More likely to have two-parent household with higher level of wealth.

What are some characteristics of divorce rates in the U.S. today?

Vary by age, marital status, education, and they can correlate with economic status.

What are some characteristics of a single-parent family?

Financial challenges, time constraints, need for strong social support networks, need for financial and emotional resources and increased child independence.

Who are the biggest offenders of incest?

Fathers

What are some current trends concerning United States families?

Postponing marriage and childbirth, cohabitation, unmarried mothers, grandparents as parents, and the sandwich generation.

What does the future hold for the institution of marriage?

Continued evolution, a shift away from traditional expectations, and a high emphasis on individual choices.

What occupations have the highest divorce rates?

Blue collar jobs such as gaming managers, bartenders, and flight attendants.

What occupations have the lowest divorce rates?

White collar jobs.

Why is the United States known to be a credentialed society?

Employers use diplomas and degrees when determining job eligibility.

Describe academic degrees in higher education.

Certificate, associates, bachelors, masters, doctorate/professional.

What is true today concerning College/University enrollments?

College enrollment is declining, and tuition/fees/student loans are increasing.

How do the functionalist, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionist perspectives view education?

Functionalism: education socializes children. Conflict Theory: education produces and reproduces social inequality. Symbolic Interactionism: focuses on interactions during schooling and their outcomes.

What are some problems with the U.S. Educational System?

Students lag behind international peers, teachers are leaving, and mass shootings occur.

What are some values of a college education?

Career advancement, personal development, and contribution to society.

What are the alternative schools in the U.S.?

Public magnet schools and charter schools.

What term did Emile Durkheim use to identify a moral community?

Church

What religious denomination is the only one that is predicted to decrease in numbers?

Jewish

Define Cults.

A religious group that is outside standard cultural norms, typically centered around a charismatic leader.

What is a Demographer?

An expert in the study of statistics relating to the changing structure of human populations.

What are the differences between Malthusians and Anti-Malthusians?

Malthusians believe population growth will outpace resource availability, anti-malthusians believe that human ingenuity can solve population issues.

What are the reasons why poor underdeveloped nations have so many children?

High child mortality rates, misconceptions about family planning, patriarchal values, lack of education and many more socio-economic reasons.

Name some push and pull factors concerning migration?

Push: economic hardship, social discrimination, political instability. Pull: higher wages, religious freedom, and political stability.

What country will overtake China as having the largest population in the world in 2025?

India

What are the top five metropolitan areas in the U.S.?

Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City.

What is the primary factor that influences a country’s growth rate?

The rate of industrialization.

What are some models of urban growth?

Concentric zone model, sector model, and multiple nuclei model.

What types of people live in cities?

Cosmopolites, singles, ethnic villagers, deprived, and trapped.

Changes in what factors force migration of people in large numbers?

Economic hardship, political instability, environmental factors, lack of opportunity, and social factors.

What are the differences between unilinear, multilinear, and cyclical theories?

Unilinear: single universal path. Multilinear: multiple unique paths. Cyclical: societies evolve in cycles.

Who are the major polluters in the world?

China, United States, and India.

What are the three processes of social change identified by William Ogburn?

Invention, discovery, and diffusion.

What are the four broad categories of social movements?

Alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary.

What were the missions of the Labor Movement, Temperance Movement, Women's Rights Movement and the Anti-War Movement?

Improve working conditions, prohibit alcohol, equality of rights, and end the Vietnam War, respectively.

What is the purpose of Propaganda?

To influence opinions, emotions, behaviors, and attitudes of a group of people in order to benefit the sponsor.

What are the biggest environmental problems today?

Pollution, global warming, overpopulation, natural resource depletion, and waste disposal.

What are the four stages of social movements?

Emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, and decline.

What is Cultural Diffusion?

The spread of cultural elements through migration, trade, communication, and media.