Practical 2

60% of emerging infectious disease events since 1940-2008 zoonotic

four stages of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

disruption

lysis

removal of proetins and contaminants

recovery of DNA

two most endangered ecosystems

wetland

grassland

diver feet

has a lobed toe

dabbler feet

do not have a lobed toe

divers

canvas

ring

buffle

merganser

goldeneye

long tail

scoter

dabblers

mallard

black

pintail

shovler

gadwall

widgeon

wood

common eider

canvas back female

goldeneye

northern pintail

northern shovler

From the “IUCN Guidelines for the Placement of Confiscated Animals” what are the three basic options available?

Captivity

 Return to the wild

 Euthanasia

While returning an animal to the wild is a popular option for confiscated or rehabilitated animals,

identify at least three problems that arise with this option:

Welfare of released animals

 Possible disease spread

 Conservation value and cost

Retaining animals is captivity is another popular option for confiscated or rehabilitated animals,

identify at least three problems that arise with this option

Disease spread to other captive animals

 Cost of placement

 Possible start of animal trade

Benefits of rehabilitating wildlife may include (name three benefits)

educational value of possessing animal

 potential use in conservation programs

 potential for captive breeding programs

Name at least three reasons why euthanasia is a viable alternative to the methods mentioned in

questions 2-4

Captivity may not be sustainable in the long term

 Discourages activities that lead to animal confiscation

 Inexpensive compared to other options

Name all six Pennsylvania designated rabies vector species (RVS

Raccoon, skunks, bats, foxes, groundhog, and coyote

What are the qualifications for a General Class Wildlife Rehabilitation permit?

Need to have actively rehabilitated wildlife for at least 2 years.

 Submit video or photos of the treatment facility.

 Need to pass an oral interview with the Council

What is the role of the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Education Council?

The role of the council is to set regulations and advise on matters concerning wildlife rehabilitation

and education

Delta Waterfowl 4 missions

duck prodiction and predator control

habitat

resaerch

hunter recruitment

what does a fishary include

waterway and habitat

life in waterway

human users fo waterway

brown trout

brook trout

northern pike

walleye

king salmon

pink salmon

black crappies

bluegill

A GIS or Geographical Information System is a system designed to

capture, collect, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and visualise all types of geographic data

elements most often need on map

information on projection

data source

legend

scale bar

behrmann

• preserves area

• shape, directions distance are distorted

azimuthal equidistant

• preserves distance and direction from a central point

• shape and area are distorted

winkle tripel

• minimizes are, distance, and direction distortion

• does not eliminate and property

PCS

A way of presenting a location in 3D space on a 2D plane.

A PCS records locations in linear units, usually metres

GCS

• A way of defining locations on a 3D representation of the world

• A grid of imagery lines (longitude and latitude) are used to record locations in angular units, usually degrees.

types of information

• location

• date

• time

• recorder

• metadata

• coordinate system

• attributes

Geopackage

• An open-source version of a geodatabase. 

shapefiles

a collection of files.

Tabular Data

Tabular data is data that's organised in rows and columns,

Vector

Vector data can be point, line or polygon

raster

raster data can be discrete or continuous

native to pa

brook trout

misidentified as bowfin

northern snakehead

invasive in Delaware watershed

flathead catfish

not stocked by PAFBC

cutthroat trout

anglers can only keep a certian size of fish

slot limit

method of surveying most fish species

pa style trap nets

6 mo deer

3 PM 1 M

3rd PM = 3 cusps

1.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 3 cusps

2.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 2 cusps

all pointy

3.5 yo deer

3 PM 3 M

3rd PM = 2 cusps

more wear, more plaque, less pointy

remote sensing

gathering information about Earth's surface from a distance,
typically using satellites or aircraft, by detecting and measuring reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy

GIS is the framework that processes romote sensing data

how can microbiology help with cryptic species

Running a PCR analysis on a water source or soil could reveal that a cryptic species was in the area

fish conservancy vs PAFBC

former wants to fix habitats and not do hatcheries

PAFBC does both

PCR has…

revolutionized detection and identification

A single PCR reaction involves three temperature-dependent steps

denaturation

annealing

extension

eDNA

Organisms naturally shed DNA into

the environment through skin, hair,

saliva, feces, etc. We can collect

those