Tulving's Long-Term Memory Types

What are the three types of long-term memory proposed by Tulving?

Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural.

What is Episodic Memory?

Memory for specific events or episodes from our personal lives.

What is Semantic Memory?

Memory for facts, knowledge, and the meaning of concepts about the world.

What is Procedural Memory?

Memory for actions, skills, and 'how to' do things.

Which two types of LTM are declarative?

Episodic and Semantic memory.

Which type of LTM is non-declarative?

Procedural memory.

Which type(s) of LTM have a time-stamp?

Only Episodic memory.

Which type(s) of LTM are autobiographical?

Only Episodic memory.

Which type of memory allows for mental time travel?

Episodic memory.

Which type of memory is most vulnerable to distortion and forgetting?

Episodic memory.

Which type is less vulnerable to forgetting and distortion?

Semantic memory.

Which type is least likely to be forgotten?

Procedural memory.

How does the case study of HM support the distinction between episodic and semantic memory?

HM's episodic memory was severely impaired, but his semantic and procedural memory were relatively intact.

What brain structure was damaged in both HM and K.C.?

The hippocampus.

How does Baddeley's research support the existence of semantic memory?

Participants struggled with word lists linked by a common theme, showing LTM encodes semantically.

What real-world application supports the distinction between episodic and other memory types?

Training could improve episodic memory in older adults with mild impairment.

What is a major methodological weakness of using case studies to support LTM types?

They involve unique brain damage, lacking pre-injury data, control, and limit generalizability.

What did Tulving conclude about the relationship between episodic and semantic memory?

He viewed episodic memory as a specialized subcategory of semantic memory.

What is a socially sensitive issue related to memory research on conditions like Alzheimer's?

It risks creating a negative perception of patients as deficient or a burden.

What is the primary function of the Episodic Buffer in the Working Memory Model?

It integrates information from subsystems and links WM to LTM.