anaphy respi part 1

Gas exchanges between the blood and external environment occur only in the

alveoli

Nose

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system

Nostrils (nares)

are the route through which air enters the nose

Nasal cavity

• is the interior of the nose

• ciliated: catch debris and envelopes them into mucus

Nasal septum

divides the nasal cavity vertically

Turbinates or Conchae

• divide the nasal cavity horizontally

• warm and humidifies air because otherwise it will cause irritation

Respiratory mucosa

• Lines the nasal cavity and most of the respiratory tract

• Moistens air

Palate

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

• Cavities within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones surrounding the nasal cavity

• Potential spaces/sinuses that:

• Lighten and protect the skull

• Act as resonance chambers for speech

• Produce mucus

Nasal meatuses (superior, middle, and inferior)

drainages of the paranasal sinuses (mucus)

Pharynx

• Commonly called the throat

• Muscular passageway from nasal cavity to larynx

• Continuous with the posterior nasal aperture

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

serve as common passageway for air and food

Epiglottis

routes food into the posterior tube, the esophagus

Pharyngotympanic tubes (Eustachian tubes)

• open into the nasopharynx

• Drain the middle ear; kaya pag may infection sa pharynx, magsspread din sa middle ear

Tonsils

clusters of lymphatic tissue that play a role in protecting the body from infection

Larynx

• Commonly called the voice box

• Routes air and food into proper channels

• Plays a role in speech

Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple)

• is the largest

• Superior to cricoid cartilage

• In between, there is cricothyroid membrane

• Landmark for cricothyroidotomy

Glottis

• is the opening between the vocal cords

• Landmark for endotracheal intubation; dito ipapasok

Trachea

• Commonly called the windpipe

• 4-inch-long tube that connects to the larynx

• Anterior to esophagus

• Walls are reinforced anteriorly with C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage