Democracy and democratisation

Democracy

A system of government in which the majority's will is considered supreme.

Procedural Democracy

Focuses on the processes of democratic governance rather than outcomes.

Polyarchy

A form of government where power is invested in multiple people, ensuring inclusion and competition for power.

Universal Suffrage

The right for every adult citizen to vote.

Substantive Democracy

A model of democracy that emphasizes the outcomes and effective governance rather than just the procedures.

Polity V Project

A measure of democracy using expert codes to assign a polity score to countries, indicating their level of democracy.

Electoral Democracy

A form of democracy with elections that allow for competition between multiple parties.

Liberal Democracy

A type of democracy characterized by free and fair elections, civil rights, and the rule of law.

Stages of Democratisation

Processes that include Liberalisation, Transition, Consolidation, and Deepening of democracy.

Modernisation Theory

The theory that economic development correlates with the establishment of democratic governance.

Civic Culture

The level of trust and engagement among citizens which influences the health of a democracy.

Wealth Inequality

The unequal distribution of income and wealth, which can affect the stability and functionality of democracy.

Credible Commitment

The notion that elites can only assure pro-majority policies if they relinquish some power through democratic institutions.

Self-Expression Values

Values that prioritize individual freedoms and self-fulfillment, which are thought to promote democratic governance.

Strategic Bargaining

The process through which leaders may negotiate with elites as a means of establishing credible commitments within democratic frameworks.

Is Democracy in Decline?

The trend observed in surveys indicating reduced public support for democratic principles and an increasing preference for strong leadership.