Pathophysiology Infection Study Guide

Encapsulates and protects viral infections

Capsid

an inanimate object

Fomite

Helps improve host resistance and regulate immune systems

Interfereons

Environmental source of infection

Reservoir

Person with subclinical infections

Carrier

Never shows symptoms, still carrying disease

Subclinical

All body fluids are sources of infection to and from a person.

Universal Precautions

Transmission occurs on most continents

Pandemic

Continual transmission within a population

Endemic

Higher than normal transmission

Epidemic

Affects a single individual in one area

Sporatic

Destroys microbes on living tissue

Antiseptic

Used on inanimate objects to destroy microbes

Disinfectant

Drugs that decrease reproductive rates of bacteria

Bacteriostatic

Drug that destroys bacteria

Bacteriocidal

Bacteria in a sphere shape

Coccus

Bacteria in a rod shape

Bacillius

Bacteria in a curly tight spiral

Spirilla

Bacteria that comes in a form of two

Diplo

Bacteria in a grape-like cluster formation

Staphylo

Bacteria that comes in chains

Strepto

Acts as a vital barrier against environmental stress

Bacterial Capsule

Allows bacteria to survive under extreme circumstances

Endospores

an opportunistic variety of microorganisms colonizing the body.

Resident Flora

No living flora in an area. EX: Heart, Kidneys, Uterus

Sterile

When in right circumstances, can cause infection.

Opportunistic

The genetic information within a microbe is permanently changed

Microbe Mutation

A protein capsid surrounding genetic material, injected into the cell and replecated with viral DNA

Structure of a Virus

Limit capabilities of the virus by reducing the rate of viral infection replication.

Antiviral Agents

Eukaryotic, reproduce via budding, hyphae, or spores.

Fungus properties

Athlete’s foot, foot fungus

Tinea Pedis

yeast causing thrush

Candidia

Histoplasmosis from Animal poop

Histoplasma

Traveller’s Diarrhea

Hystolytica

Physically touching infecte material

Direct Contact

touching an intermediary object or organism

Indirect contact

Respiratory/Salavary expulsion

Droplet Transmission

Respiratory particles are suspended in the air, travelling via air currents.

Aerosol Transmission

Insects/Animals are the intermediary

Vector Borne transmission

Infection aquired via a healthcare setting

Nosocomial transmission

pain, edema, erythmia. All in one place.

Local infection

infection begins to spread away from localized area

Focal infection

fever, fatigue, nausea, feeling ill outside of localized area

Systemic infection

masks, gloves, and vaccines

Host resistance

Spore formation, toxic qualities, ability to avoid host defenses,

Microbial Virulence

the initial/first pathogen exposure.

Primary exposure

infection following primary, via a microbe other than primary

Secondary exposure

several infectious pathogens establish themselves at the same time

Mixed infection

effective against both gram positive and gram negative

Broad antibiotics

only affective against either gram positive or gram negative

Narrow antibiotics

Active infection goop

Purulent

high infection risk, not yet infected. liquidy

Serous

increased white blood cell count. can be a sign of infection/inflammation

Leukocytosis

decreased white blood cell count. can be a sign of a viral infection.

Leukopenia