Overview of Jose Rizal and Philippine History
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Who suggested that the Philippine Commission be given a national hero in 1901?
Governor William Howard Taft
What did Rizal advocate for instead of independence or armed resistance?
Reform from within by publicity, public education, and appeal to public conscience.
What is required for schools regarding Rizal's works according to the law?
Schools must keep adequate copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in their libraries.
What are the qualifications for someone to be declared a national hero?
Must be Filipino, dead, possess a solid sense of patriotism, be a calm thinker, and have died dramatically.
What is the purpose of the Board of National Education regarding Rizal's works?
To translate, print, and distribute Rizal's works in popular editions for free.
List three recommended national heroes according to the notes.
Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo.
What is the Rizal Law also known as?
RA 1425.
Why did the Catholic Church oppose the Rizal Law?
Because it included anti-church passages from El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere.
How much funding was authorized for the purposes of the Rizal Law?
Three hundred thousand pesos.
When did the Rizal Law take effect?
Upon its approval.
What was the purpose of the Reduccion policy?
To monitor natives and facilitate their conversion to Catholicism.
What does Bandala refer to in the context of the notes?
Farmers being obliged to sell their crops to the government.
What was required of able-bodied males under Polo Y Servicio?
To render work in the colony for 40 days.
When was the Rizal Law approved?
June 12, 1956.
What does the Rizal Law integrate into the curriculum?
The study of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal.
Who sponsored the Rizal bill?
Senator Jose P. Laurel.
What is the significance of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in the Rizal Law?
They are required readings in public and private schools.
What does the Rizal Law authorize besides curriculum integration?
The printing and distribution of Rizal's works.
What additional requirement is mentioned for a person to be considered a national hero?
They must have died dramatically.
What is the role of the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils in relation to the Rizal Law?
To distribute translated copies of Rizal's works to the public.
What is the main theme of Rizal's advocacy according to the notes?
Reform rather than revolution.
What is the historical context of the Rizal Law?
It was enacted to promote the study of Rizal's contributions to Philippine nationalism.
Who is known as the Father of the Philippine Constitution?
Recto
What is the main purpose of the Rizal Law?
To include courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in all schools.
What is the age requirement for individuals to pay the Cedula tax?
18 years old and above.
What is the Sanctorum tax?
A tax for the church.
What are the two forms in which Tribute can be paid?
In cash or in kind.
What was the Galleon Trade?
The longest-running shipping line which existed for 150 years.
What were Boletas in the context of the Galleon Trade?
Tickets for the Galleon Trade.
What was considered the main source of payment around the globe during the Galleon Trade?
Silver.
What significant trade route was established by Spain in relation to Manila?
The Manila-Acapulco Trade.
What is the Suez Canal known for?
Connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea and shortening travel time between Europe and the Philippines.
What was the Royal Audiencia?
The Supreme Court during the Spanish colonial period.
What was the role of a Visitador?
A secret investigator from Spain.
Which institution was the existing higher education institution in the Philippines?
University of Santo Tomas (UST).
What was the Educational Decree of 1863?
It required the establishment of one elementary school for boys and one for girls.
What did Domingo Lamco change his surname to, and why?
He changed it to Mercado to avoid discrimination.
Who was Don Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro?
Jose Rizal's father, described as industrious and thrifty.
What were the provisions of the Educational Decree of 1863?
Establishment of teacher training schools, government supervision of public schools, and use of Spanish as the medium of instruction.
Who was Jose Rizal's first teacher?
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos.
What were some defects of the educational system during the Spanish period?
Emphasis on religion, absence of academic freedom, racial discrimination, and a limited curriculum.
What are Peninsulares?
Spaniards born in Spain.
What are Insulares?
Spaniards born in the Philippines.
What are Mestizos?
People of mixed ancestry, usually Spanish and Filipino or Chinese and Filipino.
Who are considered Native Filipinos?
The original inhabitants of the Philippines.
What term did Spaniards use for native Filipinos, often in a derogatory way?
Indios
When was Jose Rizal born and where?
June 19, 1861, in Calamba.
Who was Tio Manuel in relation to Jose Rizal?
He was Rizal's uncle who helped him improve his physique.
What was the name of Rizal's sister who died at the age of three?
Concha.
What was the name of Jose Rizal's dog?
Usman.
Who were the two men that fought over Ellie Boustead?
Jose Rizal and Antonio Luna.
According to Rizal, what was the USA in terms of opportunity and inequality?
A land of great opportunity but also of great inequality.
What does the name 'Rizal' mean?
Rice field or green field.
What were some of Jose Rizal's nicknames?
Peping, Pepito, Pepe, and Ute.
What was the name of Rizal's horse?
Alipato.
Who baptized Jose Rizal?
Father Rufino Collantes.
Who was Rizal's godfather?
Father Pedro Casañas.
Who took care of teaching regular lessons to Rizal?
Uncle Jose.
What was the name of Rizal's sister who helped finance his studies in Europe?
Narcisa.
What did Narcisa do to help finance Rizal's education?
She pawned her jewelry and peddled her clothes.
Who was the first formal teacher of Jose Rizal?
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
What was the significance of the Cavite Mutiny?
It involved 200 Filipino troops and workers and led to the execution of the three priests, GomBurZa.
What did Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez encourage Rizal to do?
To excel in his studies.
What was the relationship between Jose Rizal and Leonor Rivera?
She was his cousin whom he courted briefly.
What was Jose Rizal's primary goal in leaving for Europe?
To complete his education.
What was the name of the ship Jose Rizal took to leave the Philippines?
S.S. Salvadora.
What was the name of Jose Rizal's first love?
Segunda Katigbak.
What did Jose Rizal describe Ipia as?
His stout sister.
What significant organization did Jose Rizal join after Jose's martyrdom?
The Katipunan.
Under what pseudonym did Rizal write for Diariong Tagalog?
Laong Laan.
What degree did Jose Rizal pursue at the Universidad Central de Madrid?
He studied medicine and later took a degree in Philosophy and Letters.
What was the purpose of the Circulo Hispano-Filipino that Rizal joined?
To discuss political issues and voice the concerns of the Filipino people.
What is the title of the toast given by Jose Rizal in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo?
Brindis Speech.
What was the reason for Rizal's move from Paris to Germany?
The high cost of living in Paris.
Who helped Rizal publish El Filibusterismo?
Valentin Ventura.
What financial assistance did Maximo Viola provide to Rizal in Berlin?
He lent him 300 pesos to publish Noli Me Tangere.
What did Rizal plan to establish with the help of Jose Maria Basa in the Philippines?
He planned to establish and write the constitution of the La Liga Filipina.
What rumor circulated about Rizal after his return to the Philippines?
That he was a spy brought in by the Germans and a traitor.
What cultural aspects did Rizal study while in Japan?
Japanese language, culture, theater, and martial arts.
What did Rizal note about America during his visit in 1888?
He noted that the country is racist.
Who did Rizal meet in London, and what nickname did she give him?
He met Gertrude Beckett, who gave him the nickname 'Pettie'.
What was the purpose of Rizal's visit to Paris in March 1889?
To continue writing El Filibusterismo.
Why did Rizal move to Brussels, Belgium in 1890?
To escape the high cost of living in Paris and the distractions of social life.
Where did Rizal take a vacation in February - March 1891?
At the vacation home of British businessman Eduardo Boustead.
What incident occurred between Rizal and Antonio Luna in July 1891?
They had a fight at a gathering because of Nellie Boustead after drinking.
What was the Propaganda Movement?
A reform movement advocating for political and social reforms in the Philippines.
Who was the first editor of La Solidaridad?
Graciano Lopez-Jaena.
What title was given to the elected leader of the Propaganda Movement?
Responsable.
What did Rizal learn about Chinese culture while in Hong Kong?
He learned about Chinese culture, values, and language.
What significant literary work was Rizal halfway through completing while in Paris?
Noli Me Tangere.