history midterm

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes

replaced dogs as beasts of burden.

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?

Wheat

Ponce de León was the first European to explore

Florida

Columbus succeeded in

inspiring subsequent European explorations.

Cortés enlisted the aid of surrounding populations to help overthrow the Aztecs.

False

Which statement below best describes the way the term “Columbian Exchange” applies to changes in the ecology of the Americas?

The introduction of European plants and animals significantly changed the ecology of the Americas.

Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.

False

A central element of John Calvin’s theology was his belief in

predestination

The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains through factors such as the evolution of some Native American groups into nomadic buffalo hunters.

True

Which statement below best describes the impact of the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588?

It cleared the way for England to challenge Spain in colonizing the Americas.

Early peoples in the Americas became experts in growing plants that became primary food crops, especially this native American plant.

Corn

Which early culture in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids?

Mayan

Elaborate earthen burial mounds, sometimes topped with thatch-roofed temples, were a distinctive characteristic of early cultures in this region of the Americas.

the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

The city of Tenochtitlán was the capital city of which of the following peoples?

Mexicas

The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the

Portuguese

Which statement below correctly describes the religion of the Mexica (Aztecs)?

It was nature-based, with multiple gods and routine human sacrifice.

Bartolomé de Las Casas spoke out against

the system of enforced native labor adopted by Spain

The Pueblo cultures were located primarily in what is today the American Southwest.

True

What is the significance of St. Augustine in Florida?

It was the first permanent European settlement in the present-day United States.

Which statement best explains the role of conquistadors in creating the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

mostly single, unskilled Spanish men who, as soldiers, conquered and then settled and ruled the lands of Spanish America

Why is the year 1619 crucial in the history of African American people?

African Americans arrived in British North America as slaves.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of the Pequot Indians following the 1636–1637 war with New England?

The Pequots suffered huge losses in the war.

Which of the following is an example of an African word that was incorporated in American culture?

banana

What did the Pilgrims accomplish during their early years?

The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony despite a prolonged “starving time.”

Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts for what reason?

challenging the authority of male ministers

How did the Jamestown colony finally attain a measure of prosperity?

tobacco production

Georgia served as a military buffer against the Spanish in Florida. What was another reason why the English settled Georgia?

Georgia served as a social experiment congregating settlers from different countries and religions.

What was the key feature of the Quaker belief system?

The Quakers sat together quietly waiting for the “Inner Light” of the Holy Spirit to move them to speak.

After unloading human cargo in the Americas, which of the following did slave ships carry in large amounts for the return voyage?

tobacco

As a result of their forced conversion to Christianity, enslaved Africans emphasized themes of deliverance found within Christianity.

True

Where in the Western Hemisphere did most African American slaves arrive?

Brazil and the Caribbean

What was the primary economic focus of the Dutch in New Netherland?

Fur trade

How did the Puritans deal with Native Americans?

The Puritans moved Native Americans to “praying towns

Congregational churches in New England exhibited which of the following qualities?

The churches were self-governing.

What was one result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?

The revolution reasserted the power of Parliament.

Which of the following accurately describes the ship Mayflower?

The ship headed across the Atlantic bound for the Virginia colony.

What Native American figure taught the Plymouth colonists how to grow food and helped them negotiate with the Wampanoags?

Squanto

Where did the first Jews settle in the English North American colonies?

New Netherland

What does the term chattel refer to?

people held as property

How did the English conquer New Netherland?

The residents of New Amsterdam refused to defend the colony.

Which of the following best describes the triangular trade?

an international trade system that relied on the transportation of enslaved Africans, manufactured goods from Europe, and agricultural commodities from the Americas

What was the state of slavery in the Western Hemisphere by the time of the American Revolution?

It was growing rapidly.

Which of the following was one of the most lucrative jobs among colonial women?

prostitution

The thriving fishing industry in New England encouraged the development of what other industry in the region?

shipbuilding

Benjamin Franklin personified the Enlightenment in which of the following ways?

his passion for science and experimentation

Which of the following immigrant groups settled primarily in the backcountry because of the lure of cheap land?

Scots-Irish

Which of the following terms relates to historical land policy in New York?

patroonship

Jonathan Edwards’s famous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” characterized Puritan religion in which of the following ways?

Hell as a gruesome reality

What made the Conspiracy of 1741 unique among slave uprising plots?

White British colonists were implicated.

During the eighteenth century, demand for slaves in the southern colonies declined slightly.

False

By 1750, the English in colonial Pennsylvania had become particularly critical of European immigrants from what country?

Germany

Although diseases were widespread in North America, the colonists were less susceptible than people in Europe because of which of the following reasons?

The American population was younger and more dispersed.

In the seventeenth century, which of the following cash crops anchored the Virginia and Maryland economy?

tobacco

New Englanders, more than southerners, turned to the sea for their livelihood.

True

The Great Awakening shattered the Puritan ideal of religious uniformity.

True

Why did Hernando de Soto bring fifty African slaves to North America in 1539?

to have them help establish a European settlement

Which church dominated the Chesapeake region by 1700?

Anglican

Where did the first enslaved Africans land in North America in 1539?

Florida

Which American city had more enslaved people than any other in the 1700s?

New York

Where did the Stono Rebellion of 1739 take place?

South Carolina

One of the chief objectives of policy under George Grenville was to

reduce Britain’s enormous debt after the French and Indian War.

As royal governor of the Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros

was deposed as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

Why did Parliament pass the Tea Act in 1773?

to bail out the East India Company by allowing it to sell tea to the colonies directly and more cheaply

Which of the following was among the most radical of the American rebels and organized the Committee of Correspondence?

Samuel Adams

George Grenville continued the policy of “salutary neglect

False

The Albany Plan of Union called for an intercolonial assembly or Grand Council with legislative powers.

True

At the Great Meadows in 1754, a force of Virginia provincial soldiers faced the French and Native Americans. The outcome was

a disaster for a young George Washington, who was forced to surrender.

John Locke’s writings offered a powerful justification for revolution in extreme circumstances.

True

The result of General Edward Braddock’s effort to capture Fort Duquesne was

a devastating ambush and defeat for the British.

The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to

punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party

Which statement best represents colonial attitudes toward independence in the aftermath of the Battle of Bunker Hill?

Few Patriots were ready for independence; most still wanted to remain loyal British subjects.

As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which of the following did Britain acquire from Spain?

Florida

Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate?

It required revenue stamps on legal documents

At the end of the war, New Orleans and all the French lands west of the Mississippi

Went to Spain

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Paxton Boys in Pennsylvania?

They killed and threatened peaceful Indians

The French and Indian War was triggered by

conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley.

In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, to

seize the opposition’s gunpowder.

The outbreak of violent resistance against new British policies regarding land and tribal gifts in 1763 came to be known as

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Some colonists believed that British troops were in the colonies mainly to make them more dependent on Britain, rather than to protect them.

True

Which of the following statements about the Boston Tea Party is accurate?

Americans destroyed a large amount of valuable tea that belonged to the British to protest taxation without consent.

Though rare, there were examples of women participating in the Revolution as ordinary soldiers in the Continental Army.

True

Although it was drafted in July 1776 and used during the war, the nation’s first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was not ratified until 1781. Which of the following statements explains the main reason for the delay?

The demands of the war and concerns of some states delayed ratification until 1781.

Elite Virginians despised Lord Dunmore because of his

offer of freedom to slaves who were willing to join the British.

The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states.

True

Immediately after the end of the Revolution, the most important and popular public ritual in the United States became

Independence Day

Which of the following statements best explains the importance of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom?

It guaranteed true religious freedom, separate from the state government.

At the time when Thomas Paine’s pamphlet The American Crisis was published, the Continental army still had a great degree of supplies and morale.

False

The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom was written by

Thomas Jefferson

This was the first plan for a permanent form of government for the United States.

Articles of Confederation

During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain their freedom by

joining the British army.