Blood and Sand: Suez, Hungary, and Eisenhower's Campaign for Peace

Flashcards covering the key political and historical events of the Suez Canal Crisis and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, including key figures and international diplomatic shifts.

Who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1956 Suez Crisis?

Sir Anthony Eden.

Which Egyptian leader nationalized the Suez Canal Company on July 26, 1956?

Gamal Abdel Nasser.

What was the 'Secret Speech' delivered by Nikita Khrushchev in February 1956?

A speech denouncing Stalin and Stalinism, which promised limited liberalization within the Soviet Union and its satellite states.

What was the 'Protocol of Sèvres'?

A secret agreement signed between representatives of Britain, France, and Israel to coordinate a military attack on Egypt.

Who was the reformist Prime Minister of Hungary who attempted to lead the country toward neutrality during the 1956 uprising?

Imre Nagy.

What was the 'Tripartite Declaration of 1950'?

An agreement between Britain, France, and the United States to maintain the status quo in the Middle East and prevent an arms race between Arabs and Israelis.

Why did the United States oppose the British and French invasion of Egypt?

President Eisenhower believed the use of force was improper, feared it would drive Arab nations toward the Soviets, and was angry that the U.S. had not been consulted.

What event in Budapest on October 30, 1956, contributed to Khrushchev's decision to use full military force in Hungary?

The lynching of AVH (State Security Authority) officers by crowds at the Budapest Party Committee headquarters.

What was the U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's stance on 'neutrality' in the Cold War?

He believed that neutrality was 'immoral' and expected nations to be either 'with us' or 'against us'.

What was the 'Eisenhower Doctrine' of 1957?

A commitment of American troops to defend any Middle Eastern government endangered by armed aggression from any nation controlled by international Communism.

What financial pressure did the U.S. apply to force Britain and France to accept a cease-fire?

The U.S. refused to provide financial credits to shore up the British pound and threatened to withhold support for an IMF loan.

What was the significance of the 1955 Bandung Conference for Nasser?

It was where he engaged with leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement and was directed toward Moscow for arms purchases.

Who was 'Lucky Break' in the context of British intelligence and the Suez Crisis?

A mysterious MI6 source in Egypt who provided uncorroborated and often fantastical reports claiming Nasser was a dedicated tool of Moscow.

What was the 'Red Spark' printing plant's significance in the Hungarian revolution?

It was occupied by students to print and distribute their list of sixteen demands for political reform.

How did the Suez Crisis affect the balance of world power?

It marked the end of Britain and France as top-tier global superpowers and confirmed the United States and the Soviet Union as the two dominant world powers.