Psych Unit 14

Psychological Disorder

A syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Psychopathology

The scientific study of mental disorders

DSM-5

The diagnostic manual used to classify and diagnose mental disorders

Criticisms of DSM

Overdiagnosis, false positives, cultural bias, labeling issues

Insanity

A legal term describing inability to distinguish right from wrong

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Disorder with two or more distinct personalities

Dissociative Amnesia

Memory loss due to trauma (not physical cause)

Dissociative Fugue

unexpected travel away from home or work, accompanied by memory loss regarding one’s identity and past

Depersonalization

Feeling detached from oneself

Derealization

Feeling detached from reality

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Excessive focus on physical symptoms causing distress

Conversion Disorder

a condition where mental stress or emotional trauma manifests as involuntary physical symptoms—such as paralysis, blindness, or seizures

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Preoccupation with having a serious illness

Factitious Disorder

condition where a person intentionally creates, fakes, or exaggerates physical or psychological symptoms in themselves or others (by proxy) to assume the "sick role" and gain attention

PTSD

Disorder caused by trauma affecting memory and behavior

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Inability to form emotional attachments in childhood

Acute Stress Disorder

Short-term trauma response (less than 1 month)

Major Depressive Disorder

Persistent sadness lasting 2+ weeks

Causes of Depression

Biological (genes/chemicals), psychological (thinking patterns), social (stress/culture)

Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)

Long-term mild depression (2+ years)

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Severe temper outbursts inconsistent with situation

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Developmental disorder affecting communication & social interaction

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Limits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior

Bipolar I Disorder

Severe manic episodes

Bipolar II Disorder

Hypomania + depressive episodes

Cyclothymic Disorder

Milder form of bipolar with mood swings

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Lack of conscience; disregard for others

Borderline Personality Disorder

Unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive attention-seeking and emotion

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

Insomnia

Difficulty falling or staying asleep

Hypersomnia

Excessive sleep

Sleep Apnea

Breathing repeatedly stops during sleep

Narcolepsy

Sudden sleep attacks

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Constant, excessive worry

Panic Disorder

Sudden intense fear (panic attacks)

Phobia

Irrational fear of specific object/situation

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of social situations

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Fear of separation from attachment figures

Selective Mutism

Refusal to speak in certain situations

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessions (thoughts) + compulsions (rituals)

Obsession

Intrusive, unwanted thoughts

Compulsion

Repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety

Hoarding Disorder

Difficulty discarding possessions

Trichotillomania

Hair-pulling disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Obsession with perceived physical flaws

Excoriation Disorder

Skin-picking

ADD

Attention deficit (no hyperactivity)

ADHD

Attention deficit + hyperactivity

Schizophrenia

Disorder with distorted thinking, perception, and behavior

Delusions

False beliefs not based in reality

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences

Word Salad

Nonsensical speech

Clang Associations

Speech based on rhyming

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Addition of abnormal behaviors (delusions, hallucinations)

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Loss of normal function (flat affect, no motivation, poor speech)