chem methods of separating mixtures

Magnetism

separated under a magnetic field and most effective against metals

Black Mining

an example of magnetism, however, impacts biodiversity by increasing climate-related disasters

Filtration

separation of insoluble solids from a liquid where the mixture passes through a filter.

filtrate; residue/precipitate

The liquid (________) then passes through the filter leaving insoluble solid (_______) in the filter paper.

Centrifugation

where solid particles in liquid are very small and can’t be filtered this method is used instead

Centrifugation

The principle is that the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at the top when spun rapidly.

1. Weight of an indiv particle per unit volume

2. viscosity - fluid’s resistance to flow

3. speed of rotation

centrifugation is based on 3 things;

solubility extraction

where the soluble component(s) of the mixture is removed from the insoluble component(s) by adding a solvent which is usually water.

decantation

the supernatant liquid is drained by tilting the container with the aid of a stirring rod

evaporation

conversion of a liquid into vapor with the purpose of separating it from another liquid of higher boiling point, or from a solid which is dissolved in it.

Distillation

involves heating a liquid to its boiling point, and transferring the vapors into the condenser of the apparatus, then condensing the vapors and collecting the condensed liquid in a container.

Distillation

used to separate liquid (the solvent) from a mixture and keep the liquid part.

Distillation

involves boiling the solution and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid by cooling it down.

chromatography

separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material

mobile ; stationary

separates the components of a mixture (called the ____ phase) on the basis of the tendency of each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the ____ phase)

chromatography

The mobile phase moves and sweeps the components in the mixture along the stationary phase separating them by how much they "stick" to each other. It is also referred to as the solvent

supernatant

liquid lying above solid