Intro to Animal Science Midterm 2 Review

The female gonad is the ...

ovary

the female gamete is the...

oocyte

the female gonad produces the hormones...

estrogen and progesterone

the male gonad is the...

testes

the male gamete is the...

spermatozoa

the male gonad produces the hormone

testosterone

gonads...

produce gametes and produce hormones

true or false: the steroid hormones produced by the gonads act only on the reproductive organs

false

sperm cells are produced in the ____ tubules in the testis

seminiferous

the ___ cells and germ cells are located in the tubular compartment of the testes while ___ cells are located in the intertubular compartment

sertoli, leydig

true or false: sperm cells are fully capable to fertilize an oocyte when they leave the testis

false

spermatogenesis

the production of sperm cells

spermiogenesis

the transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa during spermatogenesis

spermiation

the process of releasing mature spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules

true or false: all male mammals have the ampulla, prostate, vesicular gland, and bulbourethral gland

false

the female gamete, oocyte, grows inside the ____

ovarian follicle

True or False. Similarly to males, gamete production in females start at puberty.

false

How long does meiosis take in females?

starts before birth and completes at fertilization

Fertilization occurs in the

oviduct

True or False. Farm animals (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs) have continuous estrous cycles throughout the year.

false

true or false: similarly to primates, farm animals allow mating during all stages of the estrous cycle

false

About the follicle development and follicular waves in cattle, select the correct order for the events during a single follicular wave:

follicle recruitment, selection, dominance, ovulation/atresia

True or False. In cattle, follicle development occurs only during the follicular phase and prior to pregnancy.

false

true or false: In cattle, the first follicular wave of the estrous cycle is typically anovulatory because the increasing progesterone production from a newly formed corpus luteum prevents ovulation.

true

When a cow does not become pregnant after mating the ______ secretes the hormone prostaglandin F2 alpha that promotes ______.

uterus, regression of the CL

Sperm __________________ happens in the female reproductive tract to promote sperm fertilization capacity. After this biological process, sperm cells do not dock to the oviduct.

capacitation

true or false: mating and ovulation must occur on the same day to promote fertilization

false

During gametogenesis in females, the first polar body indicates _____ and the second indicates ______ has occurred.

ovulation, fertilization

True or False. Considering embryo transfer, in cows, the embryo must be deposited on the uterine horn on the same side of the ovary containing the corpus luteum. In mares, the embryo can be deposited anywhere in the uterus.

true

True or False. In humans and domestica farm animals, the embryos undergoes apposition, adhesion (attachment) and invasion of the uterus to form the placenta.

false

horse placenta

diffuse

primate placenta

discoid

ruminant placenta

cotyledonary

dog placenta

zonary

Farm animals have a _____________________ type of placenta. This placenta has the most layers separating maternal and fetal blood.

epitheliochorial

true or false: progesterone is the only hormone produced by the placenta

false

Limited space and increased fetal demand for oxygen lead to fetal ____________ that triggers parturition.

stress (cortisol)

True or False. The use of artificial insemination in different animal industries is affected by management and handling strategies and morphological characteristics of the species.

true

When performing in vitro fertilization, the presence of a single polar body indicates the _____ is mature and ready for fertilization. The presence of 2 polar bodies indicate _____ has occurred.

oocyte

fertilization

True or False. Cloned animals will have the same genetic material as the "original" animal but behavior and athletic performance is dependent on epigenetic and environment factors.

true

true or false: When semen from a bull or stallion is collected for artificial insemination, one ejaculate can be used to inseminate only one female (cow/mare).

false

True or False. Monotremes mammals have the most simple mammary gland structure while placental animals have a more complex mammary gland.

true

Milk is produced in the

alveolus

True or False. In farm species, colostrum ingestion is important from a nutritional perspective and to provide passive immunity (antibodies) to the offspring..

true

The volume of milk produced is determined by the amount of ______________________

lactose

cows with milk fever have lower blood levels of

calcium