6.2 - AP Bio - Transcription and Translation

RNA Nucleotides

• 5 carbon Ribose sugar

• Phosphate

• Bases - Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil

RNA is…

less stable and less reliable than DNA bc of accidental use of 2’OH for dehydration synthesis instead of 3’OH

Transcription Base Pairing Rules

A pairs with U, C pairs with G

• Purines (G and A) - double ring structure

• Pyrimidine (C,T, and U) - single ring structure

tRNA

Transfer RNA

• made up of RNA nucleotides

  • amino acids are attached on the top, anticodon is on the bottom

• responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during translation and transferring them to the growing polypeptide

mRNA

Messenger RNA

• single stranded sequence of RNA nucleotides

• RNA copy of a gene, carries the instructions from producing a specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA

• sequence of RNA nucleotides that bind to ribosomal proteins in order to form the whole ribosome

• makes up ribosomes - site of protein synthesis