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sex disqualification act
1919
women could no longer be barred from a career in the civil service
matrimonial causes act
1923
made it easier for women to get a divorce
guardianship of infants act
1924
gave the guardianship of infant children to both parents equally
new english law of property
1926
granted married and single women the same property rights as men
representation of the people's act
1928
all women over 21 given the vote
flappers
young women of the 1920s
worry that they were unsuitable for serious issues such as voting
how many were in domestic service by 1931
1.6 million
by the end of the 1920s, women's wages...
remained less than half men's wages in most industries
the government and women's magazines encouraged women to...
stay at home and have babies
how many in paid employment by the end of the 1920s
70% of single women
10% of married women
34% in total (same as 1911!)
women as parliamentary candidates
1922 -> 33
1929 -> 69
number of female mps
1923 - 8
1924 - 4
1931 - 15
always under 5% of the total
first female cabinet minister
1929
margaret bondfield
elected female local councillors
1930, 15%
womens institute
a place where women could meet in rural areas, and organise charitable events
elaborate dress of edwardian era disappeared
hems rose
waistlines dropped
corsets disappeared
average family size
fell from more than 4 to 3.5
morality crusade
changes in women's fashion caused serious concern for older, more conservative members of society
marriage bar
women had to give up certain jobs after they got married
particularly nurses, teachers, doctors, cleaners, civil servants
what percentage of female civil servants were expelled each year due to marriage
4%
newspaper readership
1920 - only 2 newspapers with at least 1mil circulation
1930 - 5 of this size
women's magazines
vogue
cheaper women's weekly
coloured comics
by the 1930s
e.g. the beano
saturday matinee at cinema cost
only around 2 pence
1925 % of films british made
only 5%
cinematograph act
1927
quota of 7.5% films had to be british made
BBC
british broadcasting company 1922
british broadcasting corporation 1926
to "inform, educate and entertain people"
more varied broadcasts on the BBC
1930s
comedy
more varied music
previously very serious
number of radios
1922: 36000
1926: 2mil
late 1930s: over 8mil
cultural response to war
art
literature
art movement
dada
protest against bourgeois, nationalist and colonialist ideas
literature
war veterans e.g. charles montague challenged pre-war assumptions in their work
virginia woolf, a room of one's own
first world war should be
"war to end all wars"
widespread support for disarmament from the league of nations
remembrance poppy
1922
adopted as official symbol of remembrance by the royal british legion