Enacted Law: Constitutions, Statutes, and Regulations (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering the core concepts of the enacted-law hierarchy: constitution, statutes, and regulations, plus administrative agencies and common law.

Constitution

The governing document adopted by the people that sets forth fundamental principles and rules by which a nation or state is governed; defines the powers, duties, and limitations of government.

Supreme Law of the Land

The US Constitution is the highest form of primary authority in the United States, superior to state constitutions.

Federal Constitution vs. State Constitutions

The federal Constitution prevails over state constitutions; states may grant more rights but cannot contradict federal powers.

Primary Authority

The main legal sources used for legal research, ranking above secondary authorities; includes constitutions, statutes, and regulations.

Statute

A written law enacted by a legislature that regulates conduct, rights, and duties; organized by subject matter.

United States Code

The codified federal statutory law enacted by Congress.

State Statute

A law enacted by a state legislature that applies within the state.

Local Ordinance

Local laws enacted by municipalities or counties regulating matters like zoning, parking, and noise.

Regulation

A rule issued by an administrative agency to implement and enforce statutes; relates to specialized areas.

Administrative Agency

A government body created to administer laws; it has legislative, executive, and judicial powers within its domain.

Examples of Administrative Agencies (EPA, IRS, FDA, FCC)

Major agencies that issue regulations and enforce laws in specific areas such as environment, taxation, health, and communications.

Common Law / Case Law

Law developed by courts through judicial decisions; noted as a source to be discussed further.

Hierarchy of Law

The ranking of legal authorities from the Constitution at the top down to local ordinances and regulations.