ARTS APPRECIATION

“Humanus”

Humanities comes from the Latin word “???” which means educated.

Representation Art or Objective Art

objects that are commonly recognized by most people

art has subject (painting, sculptures, literature, theatre arts)

Non-representation Art or Non-Objective Art

They do not present descriptions, stories, or references to identifiable objects or symbols

Appear directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying organization of their sensuous and

expressive elements

Art as Mimesis (Plato)

- all artistic creation is a form of imitation: that which really exists (in the

"world of ideas") is a type created by God; the concrete things man perceives in his existence are

shadowy representations of this ideal type.

Art as Representation (Aristotle)

He recognized that literature is a representation of life, yet also

believed that representations intervene between the viewer and the real. This creates worlds of

illusion leading one away from the "real things".

Art for Art's Sake (Kant)

- that art needs no justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or

other ends. Art has its own reason of being.

Art as an Escape

the ritual of producing or making art touches the deepest reaches of the mind

and the essential dimension of the artistic creative process. The sacred level of art not only

transforms everything into art but also transforms the artist at the very center of his or her being.

Create Beauty

 Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions, and intuitions.

 Portrays communication that cannot be presented by words alone.

 Nature is considered as the standard of beauty by the artists.

Provide Decoration

 Artworks are used to create a pleasing environment.

 Intended to beautify things to please and amuse the viewers through its colors and patterns.

 E.g. Designing the classroom during parties

Reveal Truth

 Artwork helps to pursue truth and attempts to reveal about how the world works. Allows

artists to send a message to the souls of the recipients that help change their attitudes, their

sensibility, and their ethics.

Express Values

 Arts can illuminate our inner lives and enrich our emotional world.

 The artist will be encouraged to develop their creativity, challenge, and communication skills.

 Also promotes self-esteem and wellness.

Commemorate Experience

 Art serves to convey the personal experiences of an artist and record his impression in his

work.

Physical

 Most easily perceived

 Artwork that is created to perform some service has physical functions

 Architecture and industrial design are types of art that has physical functions

 Example: Japanese raku bowl that serves its functions in a tea ceremony

Social

 Addresses aspects of life

 Considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest

as opposed to a personal interest

 Political art is a very common example

 Example: Artworks that depicts social conditions

Personal

 Highly subjective and depends on the artist

 Need for self-expression or gratification

 Artist wanted to communicate a point

 Artists wanted to provide aesthetic expression both for themselves and the audience

 Can also be therapeutic and use to process emotions

 Might also be for mere entertainment

Art is universal.

Assumption of Arts

1.

Art is not nature, nature is not art.

Assumption of Arts

2.

Art is a result of personal experience.

Assumption of Arts

3.

Artiste

Artist in French

ARTISAN

artisan in French;

artigiano

ARTISAN in Italian

ARTIST

refers to the person who makes tangible and

intangible products as an expression of

creativity and imagination

ARTISAN

produces crafts, which, though may be

acquired only for decoration, are holly designed

to be practical or of use to the buyer

producers of arts

drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing,

writing, filmmaking, new media, photography, and music – people who use imagination,

talent, or skill to create works that may be

judged to have an aesthetic value

designers of crafts

creates things by hand that may be functional

or strictly decorative, e.g. furniture, decorative

arts, sculptures, clothing, jewelry, food items,

household items and tools or even mechanisms

such as the handmade clockwork movement of

a watchmaker

Pre-production

- Planning - Focus of artist: intellectual or emotional message of art - Questions asked: “how this art relates to me personally?”

“how expressive is this artwork?” and “how can this artwork

affect me as an artist and the society in general?”

- Decides on the medium of the art as well as the materials

needed

Production

- Actual creation of art piece

- Artist utilizes the available material to produce the desired

results

- Usually takes the longest time

Post-production

- Adding of finishing touches to the artwork

Medium

materials used by an artist

Visual Arts

- Seen and occupy space

i. Two-Dimensional Arts – painting, drawing, printmaking, and

photography

ii.Three-Dimensional Arts – sculpture, architecture, landscape,

industrial designs, and crafts like furniture

Auditory Arts

Can be heard and which are expressed in time

Combined Arts

Can be both seen and heard and which exist in both space

and time

Line

- Path of a moving point; the mark made by a tool or instrument as it is drawn across the surface.

Static

when a line behaves in usually vertical or horizontal line.

Dynamic

when a line behaves in curving, slanted, zig-zag, contorted, or meandering directions.

Shape

- Two-dimensional area that is defined in some way, perhaps with an outline or solid area of color. - Examples: Triangle, Square, etc.

Icosagon

Polygon with 20 sides and 20 angles:

Form

Objects that have three dimensions: length, width, and depth.

Space

Shapes and forms exists in space. - It is the area in, around, and between components of design. - Negative space – area within a design that is a void of materials, it is as important as the other

elements of the design.

Texture

- Refers to the way things feel or how they look as if they would feel if you could touch the surface. - Surface quality of the material as perceived by the sense.

Color

Possibly the most expressive element of art but most difficult to describe. - It appeals directly to the people’s emotions and can stand for ideas and feelings.

Primary Colors

– blue, yellow, red

combination of primary colors:

green, orange, violet

Tertiary Colors

multiple combinations of either

primary-secondary colors or secondary-secondary

colors

Balance

• refers to the way art elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work

• also called as symmetry, an artwork which operates in this principle is concerned with equalizing

visual forces or elements in a work of art.

Emphasis

refers to the way in which the artist combines the art elements to stress the differences between

those elements and create more centers of interest in a work of art. • this principle makes one part of a work dominant over the other

Gradation

• refers to combining art elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements

• unlike contrast which stresses sudden changes in elements, the principle of gradation favors

step-by- step changes. • a gradual change from dark to light values or from large to small shapes would be called

gradation.

Harmony

• refers to accenting the similarities of art elements and binding the design parts into a whole

• compatibility of design elements is considered if they will appear pleasing or congruent to each

part of the design.

Rhythm and Movement

• refers to combining art elements to produce the look of action or to cause the viewer's eye to

sweep over the work of art in a certain manner. • often achieved through repeated art elements which invite the audiences' eye to jump rapidly or

glide smoothly from one element to the next.

Proportion

• refers to the relationship of art elements to the whole and to each other. • allies with other principles like emphasis

• highlights the comparative relationship in size, quantity, and degree of emphasis among the

components within the art piece

Variety

• refers to combining art elements in involved ways to achieve intricate and complex relationships

• obtained through the use of diversity and change by artists who wish to increase the visual

interest of their work

• mainly concerned with the differences in the art piece.

Unity

• refers to the quality of wholeness or oneness of the art piece

• achieved through the deliberate or intuitive balancing of harmony and variety

• this principle of design allows the viewer to see a complex combination as a complete whole so

all of the parts are joined together in such a way that they appear to belong to a whole

Realism

- portray subject as it is

Abstractionism

- “to move away or separate.” It does not show the subject as an objective reality but rather the

artist’s feelings or ideas about it.

.Distortion

 natural form is twisted or distorted

 misshapen look of picture presented

Elongation

 character is elongated or extended

Mangling

 not a common way of presenting abstract subjects

 subjects are cut and hacked by repeated blows

Cubism

takes the abstract form through the use of a cone, cylinder, or sphere at the expense of other pictorial elements

Symbolism

features subjects representing an idea or concept devoid in the image but rather expressed

through the various elements in the piece.

Fauvism

a historical art movement in the 1900s wherein artists tried to paint pictures of comfort, joy, and

pleasure; also refers to the style of le Fauves, a French word for ‘the wild beasts’

Dadaism

a protest movement in 1916 by a group of artists in Zurich, Switzerland wherein they rejected

logic, reason, and aesthetics of capitalist societies.

Futurism

originated in Italy in the early 20th century, it emphasized speed, technology, youth and

violence, and objects such as industrial cities and cars.

Surrealism

founded in Paris in 1924 by French poet Andre Breton

- known for visual artworks which sought to express the imaginings of the unconscious mind

ANCIENT ART

● 30,000 B.C.E. to 400 A.D.

● Art played an important role in societies by providing a means to enforce religious and political order.

● Example: One of the most famous artworks from Ancient Mesopotamia, often called the “cradle of

civilization,” is the Code of Hammurabi, a set of laws carved in stone and adorned by an image of King

Hammurabi and the Mesopotamian god Shabash.

● Although prehistoric humans made art a far back as 40,000 years ago, ancient art is considered by

some to be the foundation of all art history, with its techniques, forms, and subject matter continuing to

inform the art today.

● Ancient civilizations created their own unique art. Therefore, no uniformity, art movement, and no

worldwide approach, appeal, or affect can be ascribed to ancient art.

● Ancient artworks: tell stories, decorate utilitarian objects (pitchers, plates, and weapons), and used to

manifest the status of the owner.

● Emphasis: History and is influenced by the distinct cultures of its origin, religion, and political climate.

● Characterized as stiff (not flexible), explicit, and direct representation of life.

● Egypt, India, Rome, Japan, and China are some of the places with the earliest distinct artwork

discovered in their ancient civilizations.

Code of Hammurabi,

“cradle of civilization,”

Egypt, India, Rome, Japan, and China

are some of the places with the earliest distinct artwork

discovered in their ancient civilizations.

MEDIEVAL ART

● Also called Middle Ages or Dark Ages

● Childbirth, famine, and bad weather threatened the survival of ordinary people.

● Art subjects were initially restricted to the production of Pietistic painting (religious art or Christian art)

Illuminated Manuscripts

religious texts embellished with rich colors which often featured the

use of gold and silver

Stained Glass

– applied mostly exclusively to the windows of churches, cathedral, and castles.

Small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures.

RENAISSANCE ART

● Period that immediately followed Middle Ages

● Called rebirth or reawakening because of the renewed interest in the classical learning and values of

Ancient Greece and Rome

1. Development of new technologies like the printing press

2. New system of astronomy

3. Discovery and exploration of new continents

4. Blossoming of philosophy literature, and art

Changes brought by the renaissance art:

1. Leonardo Da Vinci

▪ Called the ultimate “Renaissance Man”

▪ Best known for works like Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The Virgin of the Rocks

Michelangelo Buonarroti

▪ Sourced inspiration form the human body

▪ Famous works: Pieta, David, ceiling painting in the Sistine Chapel

Raphael Sanzio

▪ Youngest among the three

▪ He learned from both da Vinci and Michelangelo

▪ Famous work: The School of Athens

MODERN ART

● Started because of the Industrial Revolution – characterized by rapid changes in transportation,

production, and technology which immensely affected the social, political, and cultural conditions of

life.

● Along the revolutionary changes were the re-imagination and redefinition of works of art called the

modern art.

● Many modern artists started to make art about people, places or ideas that interested them, and of

which they had direct experience.

● “The Interpretation of Dreams” by Sigmund Freud (a psychologist) inspired artists to explore dreams

and symbolism.

● Invented the photography in the 1830s which introduced a new method for depicting and

reinterpreting the world (mostly more realistically).

CONTEMPORARY ART

● The art of today

● Have a diverse spectrum of interests, global influence, cultural diversity, and increasingly technological

advancing world

● Lack of uniform, organizing principle, or ideology

● Forms: Pop Art, Photorealism, Conceptualism, Minimalism, Performance Art, Installation Art, Earth Art,

and Street Art

ASIAN ART

Religions greatly influenced Asian art

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism

Three great religions developed in Asia:

Lotus

symbol of excellence and spiritual perfection

Wheel

represents doctrine preached in Buddha’s first sermon

Halo

signifies transcendent radiance

Adornment

lavish jewelry and elaborate hairstyle

Multiple features

multiple arms or multiple heads that mean multiple power

Expressions

usually ugly and horrific as they are directed to the evil and ignorance

1. Worship

2. Glorification of the Royals

3. Education

Functions of Asian Art:

PHILIPPINE ART

● significant changes in the way Filipino ancestors adorned themselves during the iron age

● aside from armlets, bracelets, rings, and headbands, tattoos became fashionable especially to royal

families and to those who held key social functions in the community

● weaving also became a preoccupation for women

● today: Apo Whang Od is the oldest known survivor of the traditional tattoo artists

mambabatok

uses batok method where ink is carefully nailed on the skin of the individual

male

protected the village from intruders

female

aesthetic purposes

Negrito

zigzag designs on ancient lime tubes and ornamental carvings on combs

Indonesia

apparel of the people of Kalinga, Maranao, Manobo, and Bagobos

Malay

wood carvings in utensils, boats, and wooden shields of the people of Sulu and Mountain

Province

Colonial Art

● Although pre-colonial art survived, American and European influences became significantly dominant

● Spanish missionaries used colorful pageantry of Roman Catholic Church

Sculpture

● anitos became santos

● Santos commissioned by the church were usually large, carved from hardwood like molave and

placed on altars. Small ones were kept in miniature altar pieces

● Example: Santo Nino de Cebu – oldest known relic handed from the period of Spanish colonization

(Gift of Magellan to Hara Humamay (Juana), wife of Rajah Humabon.)

Print

● First book printed in PH: Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanol y Tagala (Christian doctrines in

Spanish and Tagalog Languages) by Juan de Plasencia

● All presses were owned by the religious orders

Furniture

● Resembled those in conventos or churches

● Classified into three: storage pieces (baul, aparador), rest pieces (rocking chairs), and lay-on pieces

(beds, papag)

Metal Casting

● Practiced in foundries (earliest found in Intramuros and Cavite)

● Cannons, galleon fittings, bells

● Oldest bell: Camalaniugan, Cagayan (1595)

Textile Art

● Nipis – woven from stalks of the abaca plant

● Jusi – raw silk (most famous: pineapple)

● Nipis fabrics were colorfully dyed, striped, embroidered and made into camisa, panuelos, panyo,

altar cloths

● Most expensive today: pina