APUSH American Pageant Chapter 2 AMSCO Unit 2

Spanish Armada

after Sir Francis Drake was knighted by Elizabeth 1, the Spanish fought the English; their loss dampened Spanish pride and control (including loss of important colonies) & began England's control of the North Atlantic, leading to the English Golden Age

English Reformation

where the English began the Anglican Church after they broke from the Pope/Catholic Church

Elizabeth 1

she took power for the Protestants after the English Reformation, creating a strong, unified nation-state (with lots of nationalism)

enclosure movement

where landlords in England "closed off" land for sheep grazing, forcing many small farmers into beggars (appeared to be a surplus population)

Virginia Company of London

the joint-stock company that received a charter from King James 1 that later landed in Virginia (named after the Queen's virginity) and founded Jamestown (1607)

Virginia

a colony that farmed tobacco, was mainly Protestant, and had a royal charter

Jamestown

the first (successful) English colony in now-America whose early years are now referred to as the starving time as men looked for gold instead of food

Sir Walter Raleigh

a favorite of the Queen's who launched the colonial failure of Roanoke Island

why English colonial settlers retained English rights

to encourage 2nd or 3rd sons to move to the New World

Captain John Smith

a short and muscular man who imposed discipline with the rule "he who shall not work shall not eat"

Pocahontas

the daughter of the chief Powhatan who married John Rolfe to end the first war

John Rolfe

husband to Pocahontas (the first Virginia interracial marriage) who brought tobacco to Jamestown

Lord de la Warre

he arrived with orders for war with the natives and easily overpowered the Powhatans due to disease, disorganization, and disposability (not useful) & the large want for land

tobacco

made Virginia economically viable; created a need for African slaves as European demand skyrocketed; a poor man's crop that was easily planted, produced leaves that are able to be sold within a year, and only required simple processing

3B's

House of Burgesses (the first of many mini-Parliaments in America; land owners only; representative, not democratic), black slaves, and babes (women that helped clean up Jamestown)

Lord Baltimore/George Calvert

a Catholic that founded Maryland (farmed tobacco & was a proprietary colony) to provide a land for Catholic refugees

royal colonies

where the crown is in control of all aspects of the colony

charter colonies

a written agreement with the King on how to control the colony

proprietary colony

a colony the crown gifted to someone they owed (proprietor is in control)

sugar

a rich-man's crop because it needed a lot planted to produce enough to be sold & it needed refinement at a sugar mill (needed investment)

Barbados Slave Code (1661)

migrants from the Caribbean brought this code, inspiring colonial slave laws; it denied slaves fundamental rights by giving complete control to their owners

Act of Toleration

allowed all branches of Christianity but executed anyone who denied Jesus (Jews, atheists, etc.)

English Civil War

when Parliament returned after Charles I expelled them, they beheaded King Charles I; Oliver Cromwell became the ruler, but once his son took power they realized he sucked, so Charles II retook the throne

Charles Town

named after the King, this South Carolina (farmed sugar and rice, was tolerant of religion, and was a proprietary colony --> royal colony + they developed sugar plantations/mills and produced rice with specialized African slaves, leading to economic prosperity) harbor was the busiest seaport of the South; welcomed many aristocratic families; it became very diverse due to its religious tolerance

Savannah

Georgia's (farmed silk and wine, was tolerant of religion, and was a royal colony + was founded as a buffer between the Spaniards in Florida and the Carolina colonies + was named after King George II but founded by philanthropists + grew slowly due to its unhealthy climate, slave restrictions, and constant Spanish attacks) harbor

James Oglethorpe

one of Georgia's founders who was interested in prison reform; saved Georgia with his energetic leadership and personal mortgage

George II

the King of Britain who founded Georgia

similarities in the southern plantation colonies

they all had ports + indentured servants + a cash crop + no schooling + slaves (by 1750) + religious tolerance (by 1750)

Anglicization

when people went from England to the coast of the Americas, they brought English culture with them

Fall Line

where the mountains meet the coastal plains; stops culture from moving west