Ch.12 Study Guide (completed) (Feb 13, 2025 at 9:36 PM)

Force

A push or pull that acts on an object.

Net Force

The overall force acting on an object.

Unbalanced Forces

Forces that combine to create a net force that is not zero.

Balanced Forces

Forces that combine to result in a net force of zero.

Gravity

The force that attracts two objects towards each other.

Velocity

The constant speed of an object in a given direction.

Projectile Motion

The motion of a falling object after it has been given an initial forward velocity.

Friction

A force that opposes the motion of objects in contact with each other.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

Mass

The amount of matter an object contains.

Momentum

The product of an object's mass and its velocity.

Electromagnetic Force

A force associated with charged particles; includes electric and magnetic forces.

Weak Nuclear Force

A short-range force that is responsible for radioactive decay.

Gravitational Force

The attractive force between two masses.

Newton's First Law

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law

Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Acceleration

The rate at which an object changes its velocity.

Fluid Friction

The force that opposes an object's motion through a fluid.

Sliding Friction

The force that acts on an object sliding over a surface.

Static Friction

The force that must be overcome to start moving an object at rest.

Centripetal Force

A force that is directed towards the center of a circular path.

SI Units

Standard units of measurement used in science.

Formula for Acceleration

Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time.

Formula for Momentum

Momentum = Mass × Velocity.