Microbiology CH.1

This scientist created glass magnifying lenses that were used in the first microscopes.

Van Leeuwenhoek

This scientist discovered many microbes by observing pond water with his newly created glass lenses.

Van Leeuwenhoek

This scientist used raw meat to prove that flies were the source of maggots during decay. This scientist initially challenged Aristotle's "spontaneous generation"

Redi

This scientist experimented with boiled beef and plant gravy in which he sealed the flasks after boiling but observed bacterial growth in the flasks (cloudiness, due to his poor experimentation techniques).

Needham

This scientist completed an experiment where he boiled beef and plant broth, sealed the flasks carefully, and determined that bacteria only grew in the flasks if the seal was broken.

Spallanzani

This scientist is credited with the creation of the swan necked flask for experiments used to disprove spontaneous generation.

Pasteur

This scientist found that when yeast cells were introduced to grape juice alcohol was produced and when bacterial cells were introduced into grape juice acids were produced.

Pasteur

This scientist was influential in disease etiology.

Koch

This scientist determined that Anthrax was caused by a bacterium.

Koch

This scientist developed a set of culturing methods for bacterial cultures.

Koch

This scientist encouraged hand washing amongst practitioners to decrease the spread of disease from patient to patient in hospital settings.

Semmelweis

This scientist introduced antisepsis into hospitals when carbolic acid or phenol was used on surgical wounds to decrease the chance of microbial growth and infection. He introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings and prevent wound infections.

Lister

This scientist tested the cowpox vaccine for protection against small pox and was influential in the field of immunology.

Jenner

This scientist realized that microbes would be a great source to utilize for understanding the biochemical processes of life. (Put only first scientist on list although van Niel is credited with this as well)

Kluyver

This scientist worked hard to determine the domains of life and found that different species had different nucleic acid sequences. (Give only the first scientist from the list although Fox is credited with this as well)

Woese

This scientist discovered Penicillin in 1929.

Fleming

This scientist is credited with the differential Gram stain for bacterial identification.

Gram

This scientist created the first microscope that was nothing more than a magnifying glass with screws for manipulating the specimen. He reported the existence of bacteria in the 1600's.

Leeuwenhoek

Who was the Dutch scientist who made and used magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms that he termed beasties?

Leeuwenhoek

Which scientist considered the small organisms he found "beasties"?

Leeuwenhoek

What is the last name of the scientist who was influential in developing a taxonomic system for classifying plants and animals in the 1700's?

Linnaeus

Spontaneous generation or abiogenesis (living organisms can arise from nonliving matter) was proposed by

Aristotle

This scientists discoveries suggested a method to prevent the spoilage of wine by heating the grape juice just enough to kill contaminating bacteria. The process of pasteurization, requires the use of heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of spoilage microorganisms in food and beverages.

Pasteur

One of this scientists greatest achievements was the elaboration, in his publications on tuberculosis, of a set of steps that must be taken to prove the cause of any infectious disease. (These are considered postulates)

Koch

The following steps taken to prove the cause of an infectious disease were created by which scientist?
1. The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts.
2. The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host.
3. When the agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease.
4. The same agent must be re-isolated from the diseased experimental host.

Koch

This scientist created the most widely used stain. This stain reflects on the composition of the bacterial cell wall for an organism as the scientist can distinguish between "+" and "-" organisms based on either a purple or pink color of organism on the slide when viewed under the microscope.

Gram

This scientist reduced the number of deaths due to puerperal fever, and required medical students to wash their hands in chlorinated lime water before attending births.

Semmelweis

This scientist demonstrated the presence of heat resistant forms of some microbes & determined these forms to be heat-resistant bacterial endospores.

Tyndall Cohn

This scientist observed that mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth in hospitals.

Holmes

This scientist correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward.

Semmelweis

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: These scientists would test our food supplies for the presence of microbes such as E. coli that could potentially cause disease. They help ensure food quality and safety.

Food microbiologist

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: Is/are Concerned with the relationships
between microbes and domesticated plants and animals.

Agricultural microbiology

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology is concerned with looking at how our body responds to microbial invaders. It is concerned with how the body keeps microbes out and how it responds when microbes are able to enter.

Immunology

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: These scientists are concerned with the impact of microbes on the food supply.

Food microbiologist

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology looks at the association of microorganisms with domesticated plants and animals such as the role that fungi play in aiding plant absorption of nutrients by their roots.

Agricultural microbiology

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This scientist would be focused on researching the life cycle, hosts, and transmission of organisms that live in a symbiotic relationship with another organism in which the microbe benefits at the expense of the host.

Parasite specialist

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology would be concerned with vaccination, blood testing, and allergy testing. Through testing, scientists in this field can utilize differential white blood cell counts and other mechanisms in order to determine if an individual / patient is affected with a virus, bacterium, Helminth, fungus, or suffering from allergies.

Immunology

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology Is concerned with scaling up and commercializing the utilization of microbes for food and beverage production, their natural biochemical processes and products, and to genetically engineer them for mass production of substances for societal use.

Industrial microbiology

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology is concerned with the alteration of a microbes genetic material to create an organism with new phenotypic traits.

Genetic engineering

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology is concerned with the alteration of a microbes genetic material to mass produce things such as vaccines, insulin, human growth hormone, and many other drugs.

Genetic engineering

Which of the following scientists / fields of science is being described here?

Description: This area of microbiology is concerned with the exploitation of a microbes natural biological processes to further education, understand biochemical pathways, or use for industrial purposes.

Biotechnology

The branch of science concerned with organizing, classifying, and naming living things.

Taxonomy

The two part naming system for organisms (Species) is known as binomial _____________. In this system a species is named with a capitalized genus name and a lowecase specific epithet. Both names should also be italicized or underlined. Example: Staphylococcus aureus

Nomenclature

Choose all of the following that are prokaryotic (lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles)

-bacteria
-archaea

Choose all of the following that are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles within their cells)

-fungi
-plantae
-protista
-animalia

Which of the following can be found in extreme environments such as ponds with high salt concentrations or hot hydrothermal vents, is unicellular, and has cell walls with Pseudomurein?

Archaea

You are out searching for life on Mars in the year 2040 when you discover an unknown organism. You find that this organism has peptidoglycan as a component of its cell walls. Which of the following would you classify this organism as?

Bacteria

Mold / Yeast fall into which of the following categories? Organisms in this category are heterotrophic and have chitin in their cell walls.

Fungi

Which category below contains single celled Eukaryotes that are generally classified based on their mode of locomotion (Cilia, Flagella, Pseudopodia, or Non-motile) and that lack cell walls? Some of these organisms are photosynthetic.

Protista

Which of the following is the most BROAD level of classification that would include the greatest number of organisms within it?

Domain

Which of the following represents the current number of domains found in our classification system?

3
-eukarya
-archaea
-bacteria

The term that represents the "relatedness" between two groups of organisms and is defined as the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms is

Phylogeny

Which of the following organisms did we discuss in the notes that is a Helminth that can be transmitted through improperly cooked or stored pork meat?

Trichinella spiralis

Which of the following organisms did we discuss in the notes that has peptidoglycan in its cell walls?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which of the following organisms did we discuss in the notes as a fungus with loli-pop like reproductive structures?

Histoplasma capsulatum

A tentative explanation for an observation that can be supported or refuted represents the definition of a _____________. This is generally written as an If... Then... statement.

Hypothesis

The area of biology that states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time is referred to as

Evolution

Organisms that cause disease are known as

Pathogens

Which level of taxonomic classification is the least broad and does not contain any of the other levels of classification? This is the smallest taxon.

Species

Parasitic worms are also known as

Helminths

Organisms that recycle nutrients as they break down organic materials and waste products are known as

Decomposers

T/F: A domain contains all of the other Taxa (Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species)

True

T/F: For an area to be considered sterile, it requires the elimination of most life forms.

False